04. Grape-growing

Question 1

Vines | Describe the pattern of growth.

Answer 1

Spring: start of growing season. New shoots, leaves and flowers.
Summer: flowers already grapes. Crop of the ripe grapes.
Autumn: vines lose their leafs marking the end of growing season.
Winter: vine stay dormant and do not grow.

Question 2

Vines | Which are the 5 things a vine need?

Answer 2

Sunlight;
Warmth;
Carbon dioxide;
Water;
Nutrients.

Question 3

Vines | Where does the vine take it’s nutrients from?

Answer 3

From the soil.

Question 4

Vines | What do we have in the pulp of a grape?

Answer 4

Water, sugar, flavor components, acid.

Question 5

Vines | What do we have in the skin of a grape?

Answer 5

Tannins and Color.

Question 6

Vines | Steps of grape formation:

Answer 6

Flowering;
Fruit set;
Véraison;
Ripening.

Question 7

Vines | Describe the ripening process.

Answer 7

The grapes swell with water and the level of acidity decrease, the sugar level increase. The herbaceous flavors become the signature flavors of the grape.

Question 8

Vines | Which techniques are used to concentrate the sugars in the grapes?

Answer 8

Extra ripening;
Botrytis/Noble rot;
Frozen grapes.

Question 9

Vines | What is the noble rot technique? Describe the conditions for it to work.

Answer 9

The noble rot is another name given to the fungus called Botrytis Cinerea. It can grow in the grapes resulting in concentration of sugars, acids and flavors.
Can only grou in healthy ripe grapes. Vineyards need to have a damp misty morning (to allow manifestation) and dry warm afternoons (to prevent from destroy).

Question 10

Vine | What is a icewine?

Answer 10

It’s a sweet wine, made with frozen grapes.

Question 11

Vines influences | What’s it’s considered climate?

Answer 11

Combinations of:
Heat;
Sunlight;
Water availability.

Question 12

Vines influences | which temperature it’s considered a cool climate?

Answer 12

16.5•c

Question 13

Vines influences | Which temperature it’s considered moderate climate?

Answer 13

16.5 to 18.5 •c

Question 14

Vines influences | Which temperature it’s considered warm?

Answer 14

18.5 to 21 •c

Question 15

Vines influences | Why temperature it’s so important?

Answer 15

Because it says what type of grapes can grow in that region and the characteristics flavor that they will develop.

Question 16

Vines influences | Name some climate influences for the vineyard:

Answer 16

Latitude, altitude, seas, rivers, air, clouds, fog, mist, soil, weather, cool vintages, hot vintages, drought, high levels of rain, hail, frost.

Question 17

Vines influences | What’s the usual latitude that vineyards are usually located in:

Answer 17

30 and 50•
North and south.

Question 18

Vines influences | How the sea can influence the vine grow?

Answer 18

In warm regions the cold currents can cool the vineyards;
In cold regions the warm current can warm the vineyard.

Question 19

Vines influences | How the rivers can influence the vine grow?

Answer 19

The rivers take more tame to warm up and cool down. So they can warm a little os the region when start to get cold protecting from the early frost. They also reflect sunlight.

Question 20

Vines influences | How the air can influence the vine grow?

Answer 20

Cool air from the mountains or the sea can cool down a warm region.

Question 21

Vines influences | How the clouds can influence the vine grow?

Answer 21

They are formed above the land line and can block sunlight. It makes the vine process the carbon dioxide slower, make long the ripe process go slower and given more time for the grapes to develop.

Question 22

Vines influences | How the fog can influence the vine grow?

Answer 22

The fog forms at the ground level, making the vineyards cool down.

Question 23

Vines influences | How the mist can influence the vine grow?

Answer 23

Mist it’s a less dense fog, and when happens in the early morning, can help the noble rot to develop.

Question 24

Vines influences | How the mountains can influence the vine grow?

Answer 24

They act as a barrier for the clouds, rain and cold winds. This protection results in warmer autumns, sunny summers and extended growing season.

Question 25

Vines influences | How the slops can influence the vine grow?

Answer 25

If made facing the Ecuador, they recive more sunlight, heat and light. Producing more ripe grapes.

Question 26

Vines influences | How the soil can influence the vine grow?

Answer 26

The soil provide water and nutrients for the vine. It can also provide more sunlight and warmth when the soil it’s covered/made of stones.

Question 27

Vines influences | How the cool vintages can influence the vine grow?

Answer 27

In a colder year, with less sunlight than usual, the vines can struggle to ripe the grapes. That way they will have more acidity than normal, less sugar and can not develop their characteristic flavors.

Question 28

Vines influences | How the hot vintages can influence the vine grow?

Answer 28

If it’s a year with more sunlight and warmer than normal, the vines can devolvo uncharacteristic flavor of dried-fruits. And with lack of water, the vine can die.

Question 29

Vines influences | How the drought can influence the vine grow?

Answer 29

In long periods without rainfall, the grapes can’t ripen, and the vines can die.
Irrigation can be used if water it’s available.

Question 30

Vines influences | How the high levels of rain can influence the vine grow?

Answer 30

They can felt to spread fungal diseases and swallow the grape, diluting it’s flavors.

Question 31

Vines influences | How the hail can influence the vine grow?

Answer 31

Can destroy the hole vineyard.

Question 32

Vines influences | How the frost can influence the vine grow?

Answer 32

Can damage the vine, kill the meu growth and reduce number of grapes that can grow.

Question 33

Growing grapes | Why training and pruning vines are important?

Answer 33

Because they make a viable crop of grapes to happen every year.

Question 34

Growing grapes | Why we prune vines and when we usually do that?

Answer 34

We prune vines to ensure that they will have a proper shape and we usually do they on winter when they are dormant.

Question 35

Growing grapes | Is irrigation allowed for growing grapes?

Answer 35

Irrigation it’s only allowed in few places where there is not enough rainfall or in emergency situations in a unusual year.

Question 36

Growing grapes | How can be do irrigation?

Answer 36

We can sonorizariam by flooding the field or using systems that irrigate every vine individually.

Question 37

Growing grapes | Why we use spraying in the vineyard?

Answer 37

To kill/avoid insects, bugs and fungus.

Question 38

Growing grapes | For what do we use: Fungicides, Pesticides and Herbicides?

Answer 38

Fungicides for fungus;
Pesticides for Bugs and insects;
Herbicides for weeds.

Question 39

Growing grapes | Is it allowed for organic growers to use sprays?

Answer 39

No. It’s not allowed.
Expect for very few non harming sprays for big hard to avoid fungus.

Question 40

Growing grapes | What is the yield?

Answer 40

The yield it’s the mesure of: number of grapes produced by area in a year.

Question 41

Growing grapes | What happens if the yield it’s too high?

Answer 41

The grapes get the flavors diluted.

Question 42

Growing grapes | What happen if the yield it’s too small?

Answer 42

The crop it’s no commercially viable.

Question 43

Growing grapes | Why Harvey timing it’s important?

Answer 43

Because if we:
harvest the grapes too early = lower levels of sugar, high levels of acid And herbaceous flavors.
Harvest too late = higher levels of sugar, lower levels of acid and ripe fruits flavors.

Question 44

Growing grapes | Which ways we can harvest wine? There is any quality difference?

Answer 44

By hand or by machine.
There is no difference in quality.

Question 45

Growing grapes label | What is a Geographical Indication?

Answer 45

The GI defines legally the vineyard area and also can give some extra regulations.

Question 46

Growing grapes label | Name the two GI’s existing in European Union:

Answer 46

PDO: protected designation of origin
PGI: protected geographical indication

Question 47

Growing grapes label | What’s the difference between PDO and PGI?

Answer 47

PDO covers smaller areas and have more strict laws than PGI.

Question 48

Growing grapes label | Vin de Pays, Indication geographique protégée, indicatzione geografica tipica, vino de la terra and Landwein are PDOs ou PGIs?

Answer 48

PGIs.