04 - 19 yo F with sports injury

Question 1

what is involved in a grade I sprain?

Answer 1

• stsretching and/or small tear of a ligament
• mildn tenderness and swelling
• slight to no functional loss
• no mechanical instability
• no excessive stretching or opening of the joint with stress

Question 2

what is involved in a grade II sprain?

Answer 2

• incomplete tear
• moderate functional impairment
• tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis
• some loss of motor function and mild to moderate instability
• stretching of the joint with stress, but with a definite stopping point

Question 3

what is involved in a grade III sprain?

Answer 3

• complete tear
• loss of ligament integrity
• severe swelling and ecchymosis
• inability to bear weight
• significant stretching of the joint with stress, without a definite stopping endpoint

Question 4

what are the lateral stabilizing ligaments of the ankle? which is the strongest?

Answer 4

• ATF
• calcaneofibular
• posterior talofibular
• strongest: posterior talofibular

Question 5

what are the Ottawa ankle rules suggesting that an xray of the ANKLE is needed?

Answer 5

pain in the malleolar zone AND either bony tenderness along distal 6 cm of posterior edge of either malleolus OR inability to bear weight 4 steps both immediately after injury and in ED

Question 6

what are the Ottawa ankle rules suggesting that an xray of the FOOT is needed?

Answer 6

pain in the midfoot region AND one of the following: a) bony tenderness at either navicular bone or base of 5th metatarsal OR b) inability to bear weight 4 steps immediately after injury and in ED