04

Question 1

Where does internal respiration occur

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

External resp

Answer 2

Occurs between the environment and the lungs

Question 3

Av breaths per min

Answer 3

16

Question 4

What does the nose do

Answer 4

Moistens warms and filters air

Question 5

Diaphragm

Answer 5

Separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity
Dome shaped
When it flattens, the volume of the lungs expands and pressure decreases

Question 6

Trachea

Answer 6

Semi rigid tube held in shape by rings of cartilage
Branches into two main bronchi

Question 7

Alveoli

Answer 7

Walls covered with capillaries, absorbent to gas
Breathe in high pressure to low
Effective gas exchange occurs between the alveoli and capillaries

Question 8

Tidal volume

Answer 8

Volume of air inhales and exhales with each normal breath
500ml

Question 9

Inspiratory, expiratory and total volume

Answer 9

3100ml,1200,6000ml

Question 10

Atmospheric partial pressure

Answer 10

% prop of gases by vol remains constant up to 70000ft
As alt increases , the amount if o2absorbed into the blood stream decreases

Question 11

Blood oxygen level and partial pressure

Answer 11

Min partial pressure of o2 required in the lungs in order to function is 55mmhg
Healthy person is able to compensate for 10000 -12000ft

Question 12

10,000ft,33,700ft, 40,000ft oxygen levels

Answer 12

Oxygen and air mix keeping body at gl
100%oxy
O2 under pressure and at 100%

Question 13

Cabin alt and pressure

Answer 13

8,000ft and 465mmHg or 9psi

Question 14

Quick decompression

Answer 14

Temp drops and foggy windows
O2 mask on 100% to prevent hypoxia
Initiate Control decent 10,000ft or MSA
declare emergency-mayday

Question 15

Hypoxic and anaemic hypoxia

Answer 15

Reduced atmosphere o2
Reduced capacity to carry oxygen, carbon monoxide poisoning or smoking

Question 16

Hypoxia initial symptoms

Answer 16

Stomach pain, tingling in hands and feet, pallor,cyanosis, increased breathing rate, ear discomfort, headaches, nausea,dizziness, tachycardia

Question 17

Further symptoms of hypoxia

Answer 17

Impared:vision, judgement, motor skills, drowsiness

Question 18

Reaction stage, disturbance, critical

Answer 18

Dark adaptation 0-7000 ft
Capable of maintaining homeostasis 7-12,000ft
Acute risk if hypoxia leads to incapacitation 12-22000ft

Question 19

Time of useful consciousness time if recognising hypoxia and doing something about it

Answer 19

20000ft 30min
22,000 5 min with moderate activity
30000 1-2 min
35000 30-90 sec
40000 15-20 sec

Question 20

Hyperventilation

Answer 20

Makes blood more alkaline of too much co2 is flushed out of the blood, level of carbonic acid falls
Causes- deliberately over breathing, strokes and other brain injuries, stress and anxiety
Symptoms- similar to hypoxia and muscle spasm
Treatment- paper bag over mouth and controlled breathing or talking

Question 21

Which is more unstable Solar and galactic cosmic radiation

Answer 21

Solar