03b: Bone/Soft Tissue

Question 1

(X) tumor: round to oval sessile masses projecting from the sub-periosteal surface of the bone cortex. Most commonly seen in the (Y) bones of (young/old) patients.

Answer 1

X = osteoma
Y = skull/facial
Middle-aged

Question 2

Osteomas are (slow/fast)-growing tumors. Multiple osteomas are seen in (X) disease.

Answer 2

Slow (little consequences except for mass effect from growth);
X = Gardner Syndrome (a variant of FAP)

Question 3

Excluding bone marrow tumors (myeloma/lymphoma), what’s the most common primary malignant bone tumor?

Answer 3

Osteosarcoma

Question 4

Osteosarcoma: tumor cells actively (produce/degrade) (X). Seen most commonly in (young/old) patients.

Answer 4

Produce;
X = bone matrix

Very young (under 20 y.o.) and elderly

Question 5

Osteosarcoma: tumor usually arises from (epiphysis/metaphysis/diaphysis) of (short/long) bones, especially around which joint?

Answer 5

Metaphysis
Long
Knee

Question 6

T/F: Osteosarcomas behave aggressively with a tendency to metastasize.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Benign tumors of hyaline cartilage.

Answer 7

Chondroma/enchondroma

Question 8

Most common intraosseous cartilage tumor. Usually diagnosed in (young/old) patients.

Answer 8

Chondroma/enchondroma

Young (20-40)

Question 9

Multiple enchondromas are seen in (X) Disease or in (Y) disease, if associated with hemangiomas.

Answer 9

X = Ollier
Y = Maffucci Syndrome

Question 10

Enchondromas are usually (small/large) in size, (symptomatic/asymptomatic), and treated with (X).

Answer 10

Small (under 3 cm);
Asymptomatic
X = observation or curettage

Question 11

List the first and second most common matrix-producing malignant bone tumors.

Answer 11

1. Osteosarcoma

2. Chondrosarcoma

Question 12

Chondrosarcoma typically grows in which part of skeleton? It’s clinically (symptomatic/asymptomatic).

Answer 12

Central skeleton;

Symptomatic (painful, enlarging mass)

Question 13

Second most common group of bone sarcomas in kids:

Answer 13

Ewing sarcoma

first is osteosarcoma

Question 14

Ewing sarcoma: chromosomal translocation involving (X) gene on which chromosome?

Answer 14

X = EWS

Chrom 22

Question 15

Malignant soft tissue lesions in general, tend to be very (nonaggressive/aggressive) tumors. They have a propensity to metastasize to (X).

Answer 15

Aggressive

X = lungs

Question 16

Most common soft tissue tumors of adulthood.

Answer 16

Lipomas

Question 17

Difference between conventional lipoma and angiolipoma is:

Answer 17

Angiolipoma has vascular structures as well as adipose

Question 18

T/F: Liposarcomas are very common tumors in adults.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F: Liposarcoma recurrence is negligible after initial resection

Answer 19

False - most will recur multiple times

Question 20

Benign fibrous tumor containing numerous (X) cells and treated with (Y). Sometimes difficult to distinguish from (Z) tumor.

Answer 20

Nodular fasciitis
X = spindle-shaped fibroblasts
Y = excision (Curative)
Z = fibrosarcoma

Question 21

The most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence.

Answer 21

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 22

Most common neoplasm in women is (X) and (benign/malignant).

Answer 22

X = uterine leiomyoma

Benign

Question 23

Leiomyosarcoma diagnosis is relatively straightforward due to immunohistochemical positivity of:

Answer 23

Ab to smooth muscle actin and desmin

Question 24

Leiomyosarcoma: (painful/painless), (soft/firm) mass. Histologically composed of (X) cells.

Answer 24

Painless, firm

X = spindled

Question 25

T/F: Rhabdomyosarcomas tend to be very aggressive.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Most frequent primary tumor of the heart in infants and children. Often associated with (X).

Answer 26

Rhabdomyoma

X = tuberous sclerosis

Question 27

T/F: Rhabdomyomas require immediate resection/therapy due to aggressive nature.

Answer 27

False - often regress spontaneously