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Hematology Week 2 > 03.24 - Pathogenesis and Dx (Strom) > Flashcards

03.24 - Pathogenesis and Dx (Strom) Flashcards

1
Q

Alkylating agents predispose to

A

AML (especially if combined with radiotherapy)

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2
Q

3 CD’s of B cells for immunophenotyping

A

CD20, 45, 79a

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3
Q

3 CD’s of T cells for immunophenotyping

A

CD3, 7, 45

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4
Q

3 translocations involving CBF that act as dominant inhibitors of CBF

A

ETO/AML1, CBFB-MYH11, TEL/AML1

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5
Q

Abnormal pop of cells, 60% of total, Co-expressing CD34 and CD33 =

A

AML

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6
Q

AML is rapidly proliferative clones of what lineages

A

Myeloid, Erythroid, Meg

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7
Q

Auer Rods

A

Needle-like, eosinophilic crystals formed by proteins normally found in secondary granules of granulocytes

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8
Q

Auer Rods are always dx of

A

Myeloid Blasts

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9
Q

Best way to gauge a patient’s iron stores

A

Look directly at what’s in the marrow

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10
Q

CD33 is a marker of

A

Granulocytes

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11
Q

CD34 is a marker of

A

hematopoietic stem cells

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12
Q

Chronically proliferating clones which differentiate to circulating blood cells

A

Myeloproliferative Disease

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13
Q

Easy morphologic tipoff for blast cell ID

A

Auer Rods

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14
Q

EBV is associated with almost all cases of

A

endemic (African) Burkitt Lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (and proportion of pts w/ Hodgkin lymphoma)

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15
Q

Etoposide is associated with risk of development of

A

secondary leukemias associated with balanced translocations

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16
Q

Flow cytometry doesn’t work well for ___ cells

A

unusually large

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17
Q

Forward scatter is proportional to

A

Size

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18
Q

Gold standard definition of blast

A

Appearance similar to undifferentiated hematologic precursor cell

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19
Q

H Pylori has been implicated in pathogenesis of

A

Gastric mucosa B cell (MALT) lymphoma

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20
Q

HIV infection is associated with increased incidence of what cancer

A

lymphomas at unusual sites such as CNS

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21
Q

HIV-associated lymphomas are usually of

A

B cell origin and of high-grade histology

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22
Q

How does flow for light chains on b cells help distinguish them

A

Tumor b cells express only 1 (k or g), while normal polyclonal population will express both

23
Q

lymphoid blasts outside marrow =

A

Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

24
Q

Morphologic features that suggest a leukocyte is a blast?

A

(1) Large; (2) High nuclear:cyto; (3) Prominent nucleolus; (4) Immature chromatin (faint/smudgy); (5) Appearance shared by many cells on slide

25
Q

Most important morphological feature of blast

A

Appearance shared by many cells on slide (cookie cutter)

26
Q

Mutations in NPM1 and FLT3 are common in (AML) pts with an

A

intermediate cytogenetic risk

27
Q

Myeloblasts proliferating outside bone marrow and peripheral blood are called

A

Myeloid Sarcoma

28
Q

myeloid blasts outside marrow =

A

Myeloid Sarcoma

29
Q

Myelopthisic =

A

Leuko-erythroblastic

30
Q

Needle-like, eosinophilic crystals formed by proteins normally found in secondary granules of granulocytes

A

Auer Rods

31
Q

Pathogen associated with gastric mucosa b cell lymphoma

A

H Pylori

32
Q

Ph translocation

A

9; 22

33
Q

Poorly Functioning Clones =

A

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

34
Q

Prevalance of TEL-AML1 translocation

A

10% of newborns (1 in 100 go on to develop ALL)

35
Q

Reference myeloid to erythroid ratio

A

2:1 to 5:1

36
Q

Sequenced based date for what 3 oncogenes is requred for AML w/ normal cytogenetics

A

NMP1, FLT3, CEBPA

37
Q

Side scatter is high for cell with

A

Internal granules or segmented nuclei

38
Q

t (11; 14) =

A

Mantle Cell Lymphoma (very specific)

39
Q

t (12; 21) =

A

TEL/AML1 –> B-ALL

40
Q

t (14; 18) =

A

Overexpression of BCL-2 (follicular lymphoma)

41
Q

t (15; 17) =

A

PML-RARA

42
Q

t (8; 21) =

A

ETO/AML1 –> AML

43
Q

t (9; 22) =

A

BCR-ABL1 –> CML

44
Q

T/F: Flow cytometry can tell you what fraction of bone marrow is made up by blasts

A

False: Pathologist count

45
Q

T/F: Gene amplification is not a common feature in hematopoietic malignancy

A

TRUE

46
Q

T/F: When malignant cells have telomerase, it was probably an initiating factor

A

False, probably a consequence

47
Q

Tier 1 mutation

A

AA coding region of annotated exons; Consensu pre-mRNA splice-site regions; RNA genes (including microRNA)

48
Q

Tier 1 mutations in AML vs other malignancies

A

Fewer tier 1 mutations

49
Q

Tier 2 mutation

A

Highly conserved regions of genome; known or suspected reg element

50
Q

Tier 3 mutation

A

Nonrepetitive regions not meeting criteria for 1 or 2

51
Q

Tier 4 mutation

A

repeptivie elements; noncomplex regions

52
Q

What is always dx of Myeloid Blasts

A

Auer Rods

53
Q

When should you suspect a hematologic malignancy?

A

(1) When bone marrow not functioning normally, and you can’t find a simpler explanation; (2) When lymphatic tissues are enlarged, infectious etiology can’t be found

Hematology Week 2 (3 decks)

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