0319 Basic tissue types Flashcards
• Describe appearance of different types of epithelia seen on light microscopy • Be able to provide different examples of location of epithelial types in body • List the basic functions of different types of epithelia • Describe the basic appearances and purpose of cilia, microvilli and goblet cells, revise function and appearance of desmosomes
What is epithelial tissue and what are its functions (give one example)?
Epithelial tissues line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body, and also form glands. Functions include secretion, absorption, protection, transcellular transport and detection of sensation. An example of epithelial tissue is skin
What is connective and what are its functions (give one example)?
Connective tissue supports, connects, or separates different types of tissues and organs of the body. All connective tissues contain ground substances, fibers and cells. An example of connective tissue is tendons
What is muscle tissue and what are its functions (give one example)?
Muscle tissues are groups of cells forming a multicellular, contractile unit. It is made of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle. An example of muscle tissue is myocardium
What is nervous tissue and what are its functions (give one example)?
Nervous tissue is a network of specialised cells (neurons) and supporting connective tissue. Nervous tissue reacts to stimuli and produces coordinated responses. An example of nervous tissue is a neuron
Name and describe the 3 layers of epithelial cells
Endoderm - the innermost layer of epithelial cells.
The Mesoderm - the middle layer of the epithelial cells
The Ectoderm - the outermost layer of the epithelial cells
Describe the endoderm and give an example of endoderm tissue?
The endoderm is the innermost germ cell layer. It consists of flattened cells, which become columnar. Examples include the GI tract, respiratory tract and the endocrine glands
Describe the mesoderm and give an example of mesoderm tissue?
The mesoderm is the middle germ layer. It forms the mesenchyme, mesothelium, non-epithelial blood cells, coelomocytes and forms muscles. it can induce growth. Examples include cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, red blood cells and smooth muscle
Describe the ectoderm and give an example of ectoderm tissue?
Ectoderm is the outermost germ cell layer. It forms the nervous system, tooth enamel and the epidermis. An example is a neuron cell
What are the epithelial cells attached to in the epithelium
The basement membrane
The basement membrane is a thin matrix of fibers underlies the epithelium (lines the cavities and surfaces of organs) and the endothelium (lines interior surface of blood vessels). It consists of the basal and reticular laminar
What are the 3 major cell junctions. Give an example of a junction in each one
Tight junctions (e.g. tight), communicating junctions (e.g. gap) and anchoring junctions (e.g. adhering)
What are tight junctions? What is it’s role?
Tight junctions are closeknit membranes of 2 cells. They hold cells together and form an impermeable barrier to fluid
What are Anchoring junctions? What is it’s role?
Anchoring junctions are the anchoring proteins that extend through the membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins to adjacent cytoskeletal proteins and the extracellular matrix. It’s functions is holding cells together and structural cohesion of tissues
What are communication junctions and what are their roles
They are connxion proteins that form a cylinder pore between 2 cells. These junctions allow direct chemical communication between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
What are the 4 types of simple epithelia
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar and pseudostratified.
Simple epithelia are surface epithelia consisting of a single layer of cells
Squamous cells are wider than they are tall. Cuboidal cells are as wide as they are tall. Columnar are taller than they are wide. Pseudostratified are a single layer of cells that appears to be 2
What are the 4 types of stratified epithelia
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar and transitional.
Stratified epithelia is surface epithelia comprising of two or more cell layers
