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Histology > 0219 Composition of blood and different cell types > Flashcards

0219 Composition of blood and different cell types Flashcards

Blood :  a circulating body fluid other body fluids  it’s parent tissue - the bone marrow The cellular components of blood Erythrocytes ( red blood cells) Leucocytes (white blood cells) Platelets Plasma, serum and blood borne molecules Blood groups and basic immuno-haematology

1
Q

What is blood

A

Blood is specialized form of connective tissue that is liquid at physiological temperatures. It is a complex suspension of specialized cells in a specialized fluid

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2
Q

Blood is one of the 4 major tissue types in the body. Which one is it

A

Blood is connective tissue

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3
Q

What are the components of blood

A

Erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets, plasma (water, nutrients, organic waste, proteins, electrolytes)

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4
Q

What is the name given to the specialized fluid that suspends the cellular components of blood

A

Plasma

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5
Q

What are the cellular components of blood

A

Erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets

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6
Q

What is haemopoiesis

A

Haemopoiesis is the formation of cellular blood components from haematopoietic stem cells from marrow

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7
Q

Define haematocrit? What is the term for low HCT and high HCT

A

The proportion erythrocytes in blood. Usual range is 35-50%. Anaemia = low HCT and erythrocytosis = high HCT

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8
Q

What is the red cell count ? What is the dominant protein in RCC

A

RCC is an absolute value indicating the number of red cells in an organism. The dominant protein is haemoglobin (O2 binding)

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9
Q

Define mean cell volume? What conditions could a high or low MCV indicate

A

MCV is the average volume of red blood cell. A high MCV = macrocytosis while a low MCV= microcytosis

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10
Q

What is mean corpuscular HB and mean curpuscular HB concentration? What conditions could a high or low value indicate

A 
MCH = Average mass of hemoglobin per red blood cell
MCHC = concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells. High values could indicate hyperchromia. Low values could indicate hypochromia
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11
Q

True or false - mature red blood cells cannot undergo cell division

A

True. Mature red blood cells have no DNA

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12
Q

What is the lifespan of red blood cells? What about leucocytes? Platelets?

A

RBC lifespan is about 120 days. 3-5 days for leucocytes. 5 days for platelets

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13
Q

What are reticulocytes

A

Reticulocytes a newly released red blood cells

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14
Q

What are some products of haemolysis and what are their fates

A

Haemolysis produces heme and bilirubin. Bilirubin is excreted via the liver into our intestines

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15
Q

Describe the structure of haemoglobin

A

A complex protein molecule made of four globular protein subunits. Subunits are made of a protein chain tightly associated with a heme group (contains iron atom)

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16
Q

What is anemia and are some symptoms of anaemia

A

Anaemia is a decrease in RBC or hemoglobin.Symptoms include dyspnoea, fatigue , chest pain, syncope , pica

17
Q

What is erythropoietin and what is it’s function in the body

A

Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that regulates/stimulates red blood cell production. The action of the hormone is regulated by O2 tension at proximal tubules

18
Q

What antibodies are present in blood groups A, B, AB and O

A

In order, anitbody B, A, none and AB

19
Q

Which Rhesus blood group contains the D antigen

A

Rh + group

20
Q

What is haemolyitic disease of the newbown

A

Child who is Rh- undergoes haemolysis due to Rh + mother

21
Q

What are the granulocytes and lymphocytes of our blood

A

Granulocytes - neutrophyls, eosinophils, basophils. Lymphocytes - B cells, T cells and NK cells

22
Q

What are platelets and what is their primary function

A

Platelets are biconvex discs formed from megakaryocytes in the marrow. Their main function is hemostassis - prevention of blood loss from a damaged vessel

23
Q

List the condition associated with low and high platelet count

A 
Low = thrombocytopoenia
High= thrombocytosis
24
Q

What are the components of plasma

A

Water (90%), proteins (7-9%), nutrients, organic wastes, electrolytes

25
Q

What are some of the protein constituents in plasma

A

Albumin (80%) , globulins (16%) and fibrinogen (4%)

26
Q

What is the difference betweens plasma and serum

A 
Plasma = blood - erythroctes
Serum = plasma - coagulation factors

Histology (7 decks)

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