03: Levels of Biological Organization Flashcards
This word is derived from the Greek word ‘Oikos meaning habitation, and logos meaning discourse or study, implies a study of the habitations of organisms.
Ecology
When was Ecology First Described?
In 1866, the German Zoologist Ernst Haeckel, who invented the word Ecology for ‘the relation of the animal to its organic as well as its inorganic environment, particularly its friendly relations to those animals or plants with which it comes in contact.
This is a specific set of physical and chemical conditions (for example, space, substratum, climate) that surrounds a single species, a group of species or a large community.
A habitat
The ultimate division of the biosphere—the most intimately local and immediately set of conditions surrounding an organism, the burrow of a rodent, for instance, or a decaying log.
Microhabitat
The term that defines a spatial or topographic unit with a characteristic set both of physical and chemical conditions and of plant and animal life.
Biotope
According to ____, who is known as the Father of modern ecology, “___”.
Odum, Ecology is the study of structure and function of ecosystems
He was the first person to use the term ecology.
Reiter
He was given credit to coin and defined the term “Ecology”.
Ernst Haeckel
He is known as the Father of ecology in India.
Ramdeo Misra
This is the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their physical environment.
Ecology
This is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment; it seeks to understand the vital connections between plants and animals and the world around them.
Ecology
This is a natural environment of an organism where it grows, lives and reproduces. It is an ecological area best-suited for an organism.
Habitat(s)
These vary in the physical and chemical composition. It includes abiotic components like water, temperature, light and soil and biotic components too, e.g. parasites, competitors, pathogens and predators interacting with them constantly.
Habitat(s)
This includes all the interaction of a species with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment.
Niche
Each species has a defined range of various abiotic factors that it can tolerate, a number of resources it utilizes for survival and performs a specific functional role in an ecosystem, all these together form a ___, which is unique to a species.
Niche
Levels of Organization
Cell — Tissue — Organ — Organ System — Organism
This is the range of variation found among microorganisms, plants, fungi, and animals. Some of this variation is found within species, such as differences in shapes and colors of the flowers of a single species of plants.
Biodiversity or Biological Diversity
This also includes the richness of species of living organisms on earth.
Biodiversity or Biological Diversity
This is a group of individuals belonging to one species (of bacteria, fungi, plant, or animal) living in an area.
Population
Characteristics of a Population
- Distribution
- Population Density
- Population Size
- Population Growth
- Environmental Resistance
- Carrying Capacity
- Limiting Factor
It is characterized by where an organism can found on Earth.
Distribution
The spatial relationship of individual organisms to one another may take several different form called ____.
Enumerate its category
Dispersion
Kind of Dispersion:
A. Clumped (Aggregate) Dispersion
B. Regular Dispersion
C. Random Dispersion
Distribution of species clumped together.
Clumped (Aggregate) Dispersion
Distribution of species are of the same distance from one another.
Regular Dispersion
A habitat of species is relatively uniform to each species neither repelled or attract to one another.
Random Dispersion
This is is a number of population per unit area, or exceptionally unit volume.
Population Density
The formula for calculating population density is ____.
Where:
__ is the density of population,
_ is the total population as a number of people, and
_ is the land area covered by that population.
Dp = N ÷ A
Dp (Density Population)
N (Number of Population)
A (Area)
Number of individual per population.
Population Size
Is an addition of organism to population through reproduction. (Population Increases)
Natality
Losing a member of population due to death. (Population Decreases)
Mortality
Addition of organism to population due to transferring of organism from one place to another. (Population increases)
Immigration
The loss of individual that move out of the population. (Population Decreases)
Emigration
This growth depends upon the ideal condition of the environment. (nutrients availability, presence of predators etc).
Population growth
It is the total of all the inhibitory factors naturally regulating the growth of population since the environment puts up its resistance after a level often less that biotic potential or even carrying capacity.
Environmental Resistance
Resistance maybe natural calamities such as ____, and other cases such as ____ etc.
• drought, storms, typhoons, floods, fires
• war, riots, terrorism
The capacity of the environment to support and sustain the level of population under the ideal set of conditions.
Carrying Capacity
Any population has the tendency to grow. However, the growth may be prevented to avoid future problems such too much competition for food and other resources.
Limiting Factors
This is a group of population living in the same habitat. It is also the interacting group of various different species living in an area, it includes plants, animals and microbes.
Community
This is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. This contain biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving parts
Ecosystem
This is a collection of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in. It is consisting of communities present in a large geographical area. They can be found over a range of continents.
A biome (or Biomes)
These are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to a shared physical climate.
Biomes
It is the total sum of all ecosystems. It is also known as the zone of life on Earth. It includes all the living organisms, their relationships and interaction with the elements of atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.
Biosphere
The ____ from the ____ is called solar capital.
Energy, Sun
____ as a discipline is focused on studying the interactions between an organism of some kind and its environment.
Ecology
In ecology, ‘____’ refers to the role an organism or species play in its ecosystem.
Niche
