03: Levels of Biological Organization

Question 1

This word is derived from the Greek word ‘Oikos meaning habitation, and logos meaning discourse or study, implies a study of the habitations of organisms.

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

When was Ecology First Described?

Answer 2

In 1866, the German Zoologist Ernst Haeckel, who invented the word Ecology for ‘the relation of the animal to its organic as well as its inorganic environment, particularly its friendly relations to those animals or plants with which it comes in contact.

Question 3

This is a specific set of physical and chemical conditions (for example, space, substratum, climate) that surrounds a single species, a group of species or a large community.

Answer 3

A habitat

Question 4

The ultimate division of the biosphere—the most intimately local and immediately set of conditions surrounding an organism, the burrow of a rodent, for instance, or a decaying log.

Answer 4

Microhabitat

Question 5

The term that defines a spatial or topographic unit with a characteristic set both of physical and chemical conditions and of plant and animal life.

Answer 5

Biotope

Question 6

According to ____, who is known as the Father of modern ecology, “___”.

Answer 6

Odum, Ecology is the study of structure and function of ecosystems

Question 7

He was the first person to use the term ecology.

Answer 7

Reiter

Question 8

He was given credit to coin and defined the term “Ecology”.

Answer 8

Ernst Haeckel

Question 9

He is known as the Father of ecology in India.

Answer 9

Ramdeo Misra

Question 10

This is the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their physical environment.

Answer 10

Ecology

Question 11

This is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment; it seeks to understand the vital connections between plants and animals and the world around them.

Answer 11

Ecology

Question 12

This is a natural environment of an organism where it grows, lives and reproduces. It is an ecological area best-suited for an organism.

Answer 12

Habitat(s)

Question 13

These vary in the physical and chemical composition. It includes abiotic components like water, temperature, light and soil and biotic components too, e.g. parasites, competitors, pathogens and predators interacting with them constantly.

Answer 13

Habitat(s)

Question 14

This includes all the interaction of a species with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment.

Answer 14

Niche

Question 15

Each species has a defined range of various abiotic factors that it can tolerate, a number of resources it utilizes for survival and performs a specific functional role in an ecosystem, all these together form a ___, which is unique to a species.

Answer 15

Niche

Question 16

Levels of Organization

Answer 16

Cell — Tissue — Organ — Organ System — Organism

Question 17

This is the range of variation found among microorganisms, plants, fungi, and animals. Some of this variation is found within species, such as differences in shapes and colors of the flowers of a single species of plants.

Answer 17

Biodiversity or Biological Diversity

Question 18

This also includes the richness of species of living organisms on earth.

Answer 18

Biodiversity or Biological Diversity

Question 19

This is a group of individuals belonging to one species (of bacteria, fungi, plant, or animal) living in an area.

Answer 19

Population

Question 20

Characteristics of a Population

Answer 20

1. Distribution
2. Population Density
3. Population Size
4. Population Growth
5. Environmental Resistance
6. Carrying Capacity
7. Limiting Factor

Question 21

It is characterized by where an organism can found on Earth.

Answer 21

Distribution

Question 22

The spatial relationship of individual organisms to one another may take several different form called ____.

Enumerate its category

Answer 22

Dispersion

Kind of Dispersion:
A. Clumped (Aggregate) Dispersion
B. Regular Dispersion
C. Random Dispersion

Question 23

Distribution of species clumped together.

Answer 23

Clumped (Aggregate) Dispersion

Question 24

Distribution of species are of the same distance from one another.

Answer 24

Regular Dispersion

Question 25

A habitat of species is relatively uniform to each species neither repelled or attract to one another.

Answer 25

Random Dispersion

Question 26

This is is a number of population per unit area, or exceptionally unit volume.

Answer 26

Population Density

Question 27

The formula for calculating population density is ____.

Where:
__ is the density of population,
_ is the total population as a number of people, and
_ is the land area covered by that population.

Answer 27

Dp = N ÷ A

Dp (Density Population)
N (Number of Population)
A (Area)

Question 28

Number of individual per population.

Answer 28

Population Size

Question 29

Is an addition of organism to population through reproduction. (Population Increases)

Answer 29

Natality

Question 30

Losing a member of population due to death. (Population Decreases)

Answer 30

Mortality

Question 31

Addition of organism to population due to transferring of organism from one place to another. (Population increases)

Answer 31

Immigration

Question 32

The loss of individual that move out of the population. (Population Decreases)

Answer 32

Emigration

Question 33

This growth depends upon the ideal condition of the environment. (nutrients availability, presence of predators etc).

Answer 33

Population growth

Question 34

It is the total of all the inhibitory factors naturally regulating the growth of population since the environment puts up its resistance after a level often less that biotic potential or even carrying capacity.

Answer 34

Environmental Resistance

Question 35

Resistance maybe natural calamities such as ____, and other cases such as ____ etc.

Answer 35

• drought, storms, typhoons, floods, fires
• war, riots, terrorism

Question 36

The capacity of the environment to support and sustain the level of population under the ideal set of conditions.

Answer 36

Carrying Capacity

Question 37

Any population has the tendency to grow. However, the growth may be prevented to avoid future problems such too much competition for food and other resources.

Answer 37

Limiting Factors

Question 38

This is a group of population living in the same habitat. It is also the interacting group of various different species living in an area, it includes plants, animals and microbes.

Answer 38

Community

Question 39

This is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. This contain biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving parts

Answer 39

Ecosystem

Question 40

This is a collection of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in. It is consisting of communities present in a large geographical area. They can be found over a range of continents.

Answer 40

A biome (or Biomes)

Question 41

These are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to a shared physical climate.

Answer 41

Biomes

Question 42

It is the total sum of all ecosystems. It is also known as the zone of life on Earth. It includes all the living organisms, their relationships and interaction with the elements of atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.

Answer 42

Biosphere

Question 43

The ____ from the ____ is called solar capital.

Answer 43

Energy, Sun

Question 44

____ as a discipline is focused on studying the interactions between an organism of some kind and its environment.

Answer 44

Ecology

Question 45

In ecology, ‘____’ refers to the role an organism or species play in its ecosystem.

Answer 45

Niche