03 Charts Flashcards
ATPL GEN-NAV
What feature is shown on the chart at position N5351 W00917?
Castlebar aerodrome
A direct Mercator graticule is based on a projection that is:
cylindrical
On a Direct Mercator chart at latitude 15°S, a certain length represents a distance of 120 NM on the earth. The same length on the chart will represent on the earth, at latitude 10°N, a distance of:
122.3 NM
………………………..
Scale A x cos lat B = Scale B x cos lat A
120 nm x cos 10º = Scale B x cos 15º
(120 nm x cos 10º) ÷ cos 15º = Scale B
Scale B (or distance at N10) = 122.35 nm
Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates an exceptionally high unlighted obstacle?
12 nolu sembol
A VOR is situated at position (N55°26’, W005°42’). The variation at the VOR is 9°W. The position of the aircraft is (N60°00’N, W010°00’). The variation at the aircraft-position is 11°W. The initial TT-angle of the great circle from the aircraft position to the VOR is 101.5°.
Which radial is the aircraft on?
294
…………..
VOR
How does the scale vary in a Direct Mercator chart?
The scale increases with increasing distance from the Equator.
Given:
SHA VOR N5243.3 W00853.1, CRK VOR N5150.4 W00829.7. Aircraft position N5230 W00930
Which of the following lists two radials that are applicable to the aircraft position?
SHA 248° CRK 325°
………………………………..
SHA VOR için radial tüm şıklar çift ise en büyük olan seçilir
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 129°, CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) radial 047°. What is the aircraft position?
N5220 W00750
………………
150 ye en yakın tamamlayan şık
sonuç mutlaka sıfır olacak
Given:
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) DME 41 NM, CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) DME 30 NM, Aircraft heading 270°(M), Both DME distances decreasing. What is the aircraft position?
N5215 W00805
……………………………
eğer dme 41 birinci sırada ise 805 alınır
What is the average track (°M) and distance between KER NDB (N5210.9 W00931.5) and CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5)?
025° - 70 NM
………….
KER NDB 25 sayı
An NDB is located at position (N55°26’, W005°42’). The variation at the NDB is 9°W. The position of the aircraft is (56°00’N, 010°00’W). The variation at the aircraft-position is 11°W. The initial TT- of the great circle from the aircraft position to the NDB position, is 101.5°.
What is the Magnetic Bearing of the NDB from the aircraft?
112.5°
…………..
NDB
What is the radial and DME distance from SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1) to position N5310 W00830?
035° - 30 NM ......................... Bu tür sorularda SHA VOR için 30, 33, 35, 37, 72 sadece 72 için küçük diğerlari için büyük olan değer
A Lambert’s conical conformal chart has standard parallels at 63°N and 41°N.
What is the constant of the cone?
0.788
The standard parallels of a Lambert’s conical orthomorphic projection are 07°40’N and 38°20’ N. The constant of the cone for this chart is:
0.39
Given:
SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 120°/35 NM. What is the aircraft position?
N5230 W00800
…………………………..
eğer radial dme den büyüks e N koordinat sonu herzaman sıfırla biter (radial dme arasındaki sayılardan)
A straight line on a chart 4.89 cm long represents 185 NM. The scale of this chart is approximately:
1: 7 000 000
Given:
Northern Hemisphere Grid heading 299° Grid convergency 55° W Magnetic variation 90° W What is the corresponding magnetic heading?
084°
Given: Direct Mercator chart with a scale of 1: 200 000 at equator; Chart length from ‘A’ to ‘B’, in the vicinity of the equator, 11 cm. What is the approximate distance from ‘A’ to ‘B’?
12 NM
What is the average track (°T) and distance between BAL VOR (N5318.0 W00626.9) and CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5)?
270° - 90 NM
………………………..
BAL VOR
16, 26, 27, 270
What feature is shown on the chart at position N5311 W00637?
Punchestown aerodrome
What is the average track (°M) and distance between CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5) and WTD NDB (N5211.3 W00705.0)?
142° - 95 NM
………………….
W koordinat sonu
5-5 0-0 küçük tercihler
What is the radial and DME distance from CON VOR/DME (N5354.8 W00849.1) to position N5330 W00930?
233° - 35 NM
……………
23, 29 veya 35, 36 (36 öncelikli)
A great circle track crosses the equator at 30°W has an initial track of 035°T. It’s highest or lowest North/South point is:
55°N 060°E
………………….
Any Great Circle Track crossing the equator will cross the equator again at the exact opposite side of the earth, i.e. if it crosses at the Greenwich Meridian it will cross again at the Greenwich Ante-Meridian. The longitudes of both crossing points will have opposite signs, i.e. one will be West and the other East and they will add up to 180°.
Therefore, if it crosses at 030°W it will cross again at 180° - 030° = 150° and in the opposite hemisphere = 150°E.
This is a Great Circle Track which is subject to convergency and which starts at 035°T (in a north-EASTERLY direction) where it crosses the equator at 030°W. At 150°E the GCT will have changed from a north-easterly track to a south easterly track over 180° of longitude.
The point where the track is either due East or due West is also the point where the track reaches its highest latitude, which also happens to be at the mid-point, i.e. Change of Longitude to the mid-point = 90°
030°W + 90° (Easterly) = 060°E
A polar stereographic chart is used for navigation. A straight line between A (75°S 166°E) and B (78°S 154°E) is drawn on the chart. The true track angle of the rhumb line is 223°.
Calculate the direction (°T) of the straight line at position B.
229°
A straight line is drawn on a Lambert’s conical conformal chart between two positions of different longitude. The angular difference between the initial true track and the final true track of the line is equal to:
chart convergency.
A Lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.75. The initial course of a straight line track drawn on this chart from A (40°N 050°W) to B is 043°(T) at A; course at B is 055°(T). What is the longitude of B?
34°W
On a Direct Mercator, rhumb lines are:
straight lines
Which one of the following describes the appearance of rhumb lines, except meridians, on a Polar Stereographic chart?
Curves concave to the Pole
Assume a North polar stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the Greenwich meridian. An aircraft flies from the geographic North pole for a distance of 900 NM along the W090° meridian, then follows a grid track of 150°G for a distance of 480 NM. Its position is now approximately:
N77° W060°
Which statement is correct about the scale of a Polar Stereographic projection of the Northern polar area?
The scale reaches its minimum value at the North pole.
At 60° N the scale of a direct Mercator chart is 1: 3 000 000. What is the scale at the equator?
1: 6 000 000
On a Polar Stereographic chart, the initial great circle course from A 70°N 060°W to B 70°N 060°E is approximately:
030° (T)
In a navigation chart a distance of 49 NM is equal to 7 cm. The scale of the chart is approximately:
1: 1 300 000
What is the radial and DME distance from SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1) to position N5220 W00810?
139° - 35 NM ......... SHA VOR 30, 33, 35, 37, 72 sadece 72 için küçük diğerlari için büyük olan değer
What is the radial and DME distance from SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1) to position N5300 W00940?
309° - 33 NM ........................ SHA VOR 30, 33, 35, 37, 72 sadece 72 için küçük diğerlari için büyük olan değer
An aeronautical chart is conformal when:
At any point the scale over a short distance in the direction of the parallel is equal to the scale in the direction of the meridian and the meridians are perpendicular to the parallels.
What is the average track (°T) and distance between BAL VOR (N5318.0 W00626.9) and CFN NDB (N5502.6 W00820.4)?
327° - 124 NM .................. BAL VOR derecenin son iki rakamında 16,26,27 veya 270 aranı
At latitude 60°N the scale of a Mercator projection is 1: 5 000 000. The length on the chart between ‘C’ N60° E008° and ‘D’ N60° W008° is:
17.8 cm
………………
Two stage process, first departure then chart distance.
Ch long E008 to W008 = 16º
Departure = Ch long x cos lat x 60 nm/º
Departure = 16º x cos 60º x 60 nm/º = 480 nm
Converting 480 nm into cm for equal units: 480 nm x 185 200 cm/nm = 88 896 000 cm
Scale at N60 = 1 : 5 000 000
Chart distance = Earth distance ÷ scale
Chart distance = 88 896 000 cm ÷ 5 000 000 = 17.78 cm
A Lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.80. A straight line course drawn on this chart from A (53°N 004°W) to B is 080° at A; course at B is 092°(T). What is the longitude of B?
011°E
………………
Change in track = convergency = 12º
Convergency = Ch.long. x constant of the cone (n)
Ch.long. = Convergency = 12º = 15º from 004ºW to East = 011ºE
n 0.8
Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N5211 W00705?
civil airport: NDB
What is the radial and DME distance from CRK VOR/DME (N5150.4 W00829.7) to position N5230 W00750?
039° - 48 NM .................. CRK VOR W 7 İSE 7-3 7-8 veya 7-9 (8 tercih sebebi, büyük tercihler)
Parallels of latitude on a Direct Mercator chart are:
parallel straight lines unequally spaced
Assume a North polar stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the W/E 180° Meridian. An aircraft flies from the geographic North pole for a distance of 600 NM along the W090° meridian, then follows a grid track of 252° for a distance of 330 NM. Its position is now approximately:
N85° W110°
What is the radial and DME distance from CON VOR/DME (N5354.8 W00849.1) to position N5340 W00820?
140° - 23 NM
…………………..
CON VOR
23,29 VEYA 35,36 36 tercih sebebi
A straight line from A (75ºN, 120ºE) to B (75ºN, 160ºE) is drawn on a Polar Stereographic chart. When passing the meridian 155ºE, the True Track is:
105º
What is the radial and DME distance from SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1)
to position N5210 W00920?
214° - 37 NM ....................... SHA VOR 30, 33, 35, 37, 72 sadece 72 için küçük diğerlari için büyük olan değer
Assume a North polar stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the W/E 180° Meridian. An aircraft flies from the geographic North pole for a distance of 600 NM along the E090° meridian, then follows a grid track of 252° for a distance of 300 NM. Its position is now approximately:
N75° E093
The two standard parallels of a conical Lambert projection are at N10°40’N and N41°20’. The cone constant of this chart is approximatively:
0.44
…………………..
Constant of the cone = sin parallel of origin
Parallel of origin may be assumed to be mid between the two standard parallels.
Mean latitude of N10º40’ and N41º20’:
Mean latitude = (N10º40’ + N41º20’) ÷ 2 = N26º
Parallel of origin is at N26
Constant of the cone = sin parallel of origin
Constant of the cone = sin 26º = 0.438
Correct statement about a polar stereographic chart is:
The closer the pole the higher straight line chart approximates the great circle.
A Mercator chart has a scale at the equator = 1: 3 704 000. What is the scale at latitude 60° S?
1: 1 852 000
Which statement is true regarding a compass when directly overhead the north magnetic pole?
the compass tip will point directly down
Using a Lambert’s conical conformal chart on which Chart Convergency = Earth Convergency at latitude 42°, a straight line is drawn from position A (48°? 155°E) to position B (36°? ?°E). The true course of the straight line track at position A is 060°T and at position B is 46°T.
The hemisphere in which the track is drawn and the final longitude at B are:
Southern Hemisphere, 176°E
SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 232°/32 NM. What is the aircraft position?
N5220 W00930
…………………………..
eğer radial dme den büyüks e N koordinat sonu herzaman sıfırla biter (radial dme arasındaki sayılardan)
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 205°, CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) radial 317°. What is the aircraft position?
N5210 W00910
………………….
radial 200 lü sorularda 1. sıradaki radiali alıyoruz N koordinatın son 3 rakamı kendisi hariç en yakın alt veya üst rakamı alıyoruz
Position A = 30°00.0’N, 175°23.2’W
Position B = 30°00.0’N, 173°48.1’E
For the route from A to B the:
rhumb line distance is 578NM.
A straight line on a Lambert Conformal Projection chart for normal flight planning purposes:
is approximately a Great Circle
Two positions plotted on a polar stereographic chart, A (80°N 000°) and B (70°N 102°W) are joined by a straight line whose highest latitude is reached at 035°W. At point B, the true course is:
203°
………………….
A Great Circle Track going from East to West in the Northern Hemisphere will always decrease in value (and West to East will increase in value). The reverse is true of the Southern Hemsiphere.
However, we don’t recommend that you try to learn these facts but rather to draw a diagram (free hand - no need for super accurate drawings!) and to estimate the value of the track angles from the drawing, i.e. estimate whether A is greater than B or vice versa.
Here the track angle at 035°W, being the meridian where the track reaches the highest latitude, will be either 090°T or 270°T. As the aircraft is travelling West it will obviously be 270°T. Look at the track angle at B and it can clearly be seen that the track angle at B is > 180°T but < 270°T.
On a Direct Mercator projection a particular chart length is measured at 30°N. What earth distance will the same chart length be if measured at 60°N?
A smaller distance.
Given: Lambert conformal conical projection, scale 1: 1 234 000. Standard parallels 36°N and 60°N.. A (53°N, 010°W), B (53°N, 020°W). The distance on the map between position A and position B measured along the rhumb line:
is less than 54.19 cm
Which statement is true?
A small scale map shows more area represented with less detail.
On a chart a straight line is drawn between two points and has a length of 4.63 cm. What is the chart scale if the line represents 150 NM?
1: 6 000 000
The composition of a Mercator chart is based on the following:
A cylindrical projection made using straight lines which are tangent to the equator.
Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the appearance of great circles, with the exception of meridians, on a Polar Stereographic chart whose tangency is at the pole ?
The higher the latitude the closer they approximate to a straight line
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 143°, CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) radial 050°. What is the aircraft position?
N5210 W00800
………………….
radial 100 lü sorularda 1. sıradaki radiali sayısını 150 ye tamamlayan N koordinat son iki rakamı
On a direct Mercator projection, at latitude 45° North, a certain length represents 70 NM. At latitude 30° North, the same length represents approximately:
86 NM
………………….
Since the meridians on a direct Mercator are straight, parallel lines equidistant apart, the chart distance between two meridians will be the same at any latitude on the chart. The Earth distance between the same two meridians will decrease with increasing latitude. This change will be the same as the change in scale on the chart so the following formula can be used for this type of question:
Scale A x cos lat B = Scale B x cos lat A
Which position is labelled A or B is of no importance as long as they are not mixed up.
70 nm x cos 30º = Scale B x cos 45º
(70 nm x cos 30º) ÷ cos 45º = Scale B
Scale B (or distance at N30) = 85.7 nm
Which one of the following, concerning great circles on a Direct Mercator chart, is correct?
With the exception of meridians and the equator, they are curves concave to the equator
A rhumb line on a Direct Mercator chart appears as a:
straight line.
From Rakovnik (50° 05.9’ N, 013° 41.5’ E) to Frankfurt FFM (50° 05.9’ N, 008° 38.3’ E) the True Track of departure along the straight line is 272.0°. The constant of the cone of this Lambert conformal projection is:
0.79
How does the chart convergency change with latitude in a Lambert Conformal projection?
It is constant and does not change with latitude.
On a Mercator chart, at latitude 60°N, the distance measured between W002° and E008° is 20 cm. The scale of this chart at latitude 60°N is approximately:
1: 2 780 000
The constant of the cone in a Lambert chart is 0.8666500. The angle between the north directions of the meridian in position A (65°00’N, 018°00’W) and the meridian of position B (75°00’N, 023°00’W) on the chart is:
4.3°
This is a standard convergence question. As it is on a Lambert chart and the constant of the cone is given, latitude of the positions is irrelevant as the convergence is constant all over the chart.
Refer to the convergence formula:
Convergence = Ch long x sin lat
On a Lambert chart, “sin lat” = “sin parallel of origin” = constant of the cone.
Ch long W018 to W023 = 5º
Convergence = Ch long x sin lat
Convergence = 5º x 0.86665 = 4.33º
CON VOR/DME (N5354.8 W00849.1), Abbey Shrule aerodrome (N5335 W00739), What is the CON radial and DME distance when overhead Abbey Shrule aerodrome?
123° - 46 NM
………………….
ABBEY 123
What is the average track (°T) and distance between SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) and CON VOR (N5354.8 W00849.1)?
002° - 72 NM ....................... SHA VOR 30, 33, 35, 37, 72 sadece 72 için küçük diğerlari için büyük olan değer
The convergence factor of a Lambert conformal conic chart is quoted as 0.78535. At what latitude on the chart is earth convergency correctly represented?
51°45’
……………………
The convergence factor is the sine of the parallel of origin and that is the parallel of latitude where convergency on the chart is the same as Earth convergency 0.78535 is the sine of 51º45’.
Approximately how many nautical miles correspond to 12 cm on a map with a scale of 1: 2 000 000?
130
The chart distance between meridians 10° apart at latitude 65° North is 9.5 cm. The chart scale at this latitude approximates:
1: 5 000 000
……………………
Two stage process, first departure then scale.
Departure = Ch long x cos lat x 60 nm/º
Departure = 10º x cos 65º x 60 nm/º = 253.57 nm
Scale = 9.5 cm : 253.57 nm
Converting 253.57 nm into cm for equal units: 253.57 nm x 185 200 cm/nm = 46 961 341 cm
Scale = 9.5 cm ÷ 9.5 cm : 46 961 341 cm ÷ 9.5 cm
Scale = 1 : 4 943 299
Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N5318.0 W00626.9?
military airport: VOR: DME
What is the constant of the cone for a Lambert conic projection whose standard parallels are at 50°N and 70°N?
0.866
What is the chart distance between longitudes 179°E and 175°W on a direct Mercator chart with a scale of 1: 5 000 000 at the equator?
133 mm
……………………..
Scale = CD/ED
ED = 6º Ch.long. = 6 x 60 = 360nm at the Equator.
360nm = 667.3km = 667,300,000mm
Scale = CD/667,300,000 = 1/5,000,000
So:
CD = 667,300,000/5,000,000 = 667.3/5 = 133mm
Given: Magnetic heading 311°, Drift angle 10° left, Relative bearing of NDB 270°. What is the magnetic bearing of the NDB measured from the aircraft?
221°
..........................
Heading 311ºM
Bearing +270º Relative
Bearing 581ºM
- 360º
Bearing 221ºM to the NDB from the aircraft.SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 120°, CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) radial 033°. What is the aircraft position?
N5230 W00800
……………………..
120 ARTI 30
150 YE TAMAMLA
An aircraft is in the position (86°N, 020°E). When following a rhumb line track of 085°(T) it will:
fly via a spiral to the North Pole.
What feature is shown on the chart at position N5211 W00931?
KERRY/Farranfore aerodrome
The standard parallels of a Lambert chart are 26°N and 48°N and the stated scale is 1:2 500 000. Which statement is correct?
The scale at 28°N is smaller than the scale at 24°N.
What feature is shown on the chart at position N5212 W00612?
TUSKAR ROCK LT.H. NDB
The nominal scale of a Lambert conformal conic chart is the:
scale at the standard parallels
The scale on a Lambert conformal conic chart:
is constant along a parallel of latitude
A course of 120°(T) is drawn between ‘X’ (61°30’N) and ‘Y’ (58°30’N) on a Lambert Conformal conic chart with a scale of 1: 1 000 000 at 60°N. The chart distance between ‘X’ and ‘Y’ is:
66.7 cm
……………….
Consider the triangle made up of:
A: 61°30’N on first meridian
B: 58°30’N on second meridian
C: 58°30’N on first meridian
The track AB at A is 120°T so the angle in the triangle at A = 180° - 120° = 60°
The angle in the triangle at C = 90°
Side AC = 3° latitude = 180nm
AB = hypotenuse (h) and AC = adjacent (a) to angle A
CosA = a/h therefore h = a/cosA = 180nm/cos60° = 360nm = 667.3km
Scale = CD/ED = CD/667.3km = 1/1,000,000
Therefore CD = 667.3km/1,000,000 = 66,730,000cm/1,000,000 = 66.73cm
A straight line from A (53ºN, 155ºW) to B (53ºN, 170ºE) is drawn on a Lambert Conformal conical chart with standard parallels at 50ºN and 56ºN. When passing the meridian 175ºE, the True Track is:
260.0º
Assume a North polar stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the Greenwich meridian. An aircraft flies from the geographic North pole for a distance of 600 NM along the E090° meridian, then follows a grid track of 052° for a distance of 660 NM. Its position is now approximately:
N70° E110°
On a Lambert Conformal Conic chart great circles that are not meridians are:
curves concave to the parallel of origin
………………….
Meridians (which are great circles) are straight lines. All other great circles are almost straight lines but curved concave to the parallel of origin.
On a Lambert Conformal chart the distance between meridians 5° apart along latitude 37° North is 9 cm. The scale of the chart at that parallel approximates:
1: 5 000 000
……………………….
Scale = (Chart distance)/(Earth distance) or CD/ED
CD = 9 cm
ED = 5 x 60 x cos37º = 300 x 0.799 = 239.7nm = 444.32km = 44,432,000 cm
Scale = CD/ED = 9/44,432,000 = 1/4,936,910.5 as good as 1/5,000,000
Given:
CRK VOR/DME (N5150.4 W00829.7) Kerry aerodrome (N5210.9 W00931.4). What is the CRK radial and DME distance when overhead Kerry aerodrome?
307° - 43 NM
On a Lambert conformal conic chart, the distance between parallels of latitude spaced the same number of degrees apart:
is smaller between the standard parallels than outside them
A straight line drawn on a chart measures 4.63 cm and represents 150 NM. The chart scale is:
1: 6 000 000
What feature is shown on the chart at position N5417 W01005?
EAGLE ISLAND LT.H. NDB
SHA VOR N5243.3 W00853.1, CON VOR N5354.8 W00849.1. Aircraft position N5320 W00950
Which of the following lists two radials that are applicable to the aircraft position?
SHA 325° CON 235°
Given:
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 223°,
CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) radial 322°.
What is the aircraft position?
N5220 W00920
A Lambert conformal conic projection, with two standard parallels:
the scale is only correct along the standard parallels
…………………………
Great circles on a Lamberts chart are curves (concave to the parallel of origin),
convergency is correct at the parallel of origin, meridians are straight converging lines and scale is correct at the standard parallels.
Given:
SHA VOR N5243.3 W00853.1, CON VOR N5354.8 W00849.1, Aircraft position N5330 W00800
Which of the following lists two radials that are applicable to the aircraft position?
SHA 042° CON 138° .............................. TEK TEK TEK ÇİFT
Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N5318.1 W00856.5?
civil airport: NDB: DME: non-compulsory reporting point
What is the radial and DME distance from BEL VOR/DME (N5439.7 W00613.8) to position N5410 W00710?
236° - 44 NM .............................. 8-4 1-1 5-8 küçük tercihler
An aircraft is flying from SALCO to BERRY HEAD on Magnetic Track 007º, TAS 445 kt. The wind is 050º(T)/40 kt.
Variation 5ºW, deviation +2º
At 1000 UTC the RB of locator PY is 311º.
At 1003 UTC the RB of locator PY is 266º.
Calculate the True bearing of locator PY at 1003 UTC from the aircraft.
272º (T)
Assume a North polar stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the Greenwich meridian. An aircraft flies from the geographic North pole for a distance of 480 NM along the 110°E meridian, then follows a grid track of 154° for a distance of 300 NM. Its position is now approximately:
80°00’N 080°E
What is the average track (°T) and distance between CON VOR (N5354.8 W00849.1) and BEL VOR (N5439.7 W00613.8)?
063° - 101 NM
The constant of the cone, on a Lambert chart where the convergence angle between longitudes 010°E and 030°W is 30°, is:
0.75
………………………
So chart conv = change of long * constant
30 = 40*constant
constant = 30/40
Given:
CRN VOR (N5318.1 W00856.5) DME 34 NM, SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) DME 26 NM,
Aircraft heading 090°(M), Both DME distances increasing. What is the aircraft position?
N5255 W00815
A straight line from A (75ºS, 120ºE) to B (75ºS, 160ºE) is drawn on a Polar Stereographic chart. When passing the meridian 155ºE, the True Track is:
075º
Given:
CON VOR (N5354.8 W00849.1) DME 30 NM, CRN VOR (N5318.1 W00856.5) DME 25 NM,
Aircraft heading 270°(M), Both DME distances decreasing. What is the aircraft position?
N5330 W00820
What is the average track (°T) and distance between SLG NDB (N5416.7 W00836.0) and CFN NDB (N5502.6 W00820.4)?
011° - 47 NM
……………………
11 sayı
At reference. Magnetic heading of an aircraft is 040 degrees. On the airborne weather radar (AWR) display the relative bearing of the distance to the must southerly part of Lands End, (approximate position: 50 03 N 005 40 W) are 030 degrees R and 80 NM. What is the position of the aircraft based on these observations? The slant range correction and the map convergency between aircraft position and Lands End may be neglected.
(49 25 N 007 30 W)
Given:
Position NDB (55°10´N, 012°55´E)
DR Position (54°53´N, 009°58´E)
NDB on the RMI reads 090°
Magnetic variation = 10°W
The position line has to be plotted on a Lamberts conformal chart with standard parallels at 40°N and 48°N. Calculate the direction (T) of the bearing to be plotted from the NDB.
262°
On a Lambert Conformal Conic chart earth convergency is most accurately represented at the:
parallel of origin
What is the radial and DME distance from BEL VOR/DME (N5439.7 W00613.8) to position N5440 W00730?
278° - 44 NM .............................. 8-4 1-1 5-8 küçük tercihler
A straight line is drawn on a Lambert conformal conic chart, on which Chart Convergency = Earth Convergency at latitude 42°, from A (48° 155°E) to B (36° x°E). The true course of the straight line track at A is 060°T and at B is 046°T. The hemisphere in which the track is drawn and the final longitude at B are:
Southern Hemisphere - 176°E
The total length of the 53°N parallel of latitude on a direct Mercator chart is 133 cm. What is the approximate scale of the chart at latitude 30°S?
1: 25 000 000
…………………………
The total length of the parallel of latitude is the circumference of the Earth at that latitude, all 360° of it, and that is calculated using “departure = change of longitude (minutes) x cosine of latitude”.
The important thing to note is that you want to calculate the scale at S30°, and NOT N53°. You are thinking “But I have the chart distance at N53°. How do I find the chart distance at S30°?”.
It is a DIRECT MERCATOR chart. Meridians are vertical, parallel, EQUALLY SPACED lines. So 133 cm at N53° is also 133 cm at S30°.
Departure = 360° x 60’ x cos 30° = 18,706 nm
Convert to centimetres – 18,706 nm x 1.852 (km) x 1000 (m) x 100 (cm) = 3,464,378,743 cm
Divide earth distance in cm by chart distance in cm = 3,464,378,743 cm ÷ 133 cm = 26,047,960
Closest answer = 1:25,000,000
Two places are situated on the same parallel in the Southern Hemisphere. The great circle, rhumb line and the straight line between these places are drawn on a Polar Stereographic Projection. Which statement is correct?
The great circle is situated between the parallel and the straight line, because the concave side of the great circle is always pointed towards the pole.
On a Mercator’s projection a straight line is drawn between (40°N, 050°W) and (50°N, 060°W). Calculate the angle between the straight line and the great circle in position A.
3.5°
Since the question is purely about the difference between a rhumb line (straight line on direct Mercator) and a great circle track (i.e. the conversion angle), there is no issue with the two positions being at different latitude without any track given.
Mean lat = (N40º + N50º) ÷ 2 = N45º
Ch long from W050 to W060 = 10º
Convergence = Ch long x sin lat
Convergence = 10º x sin 45 = 7.07º
Conversion angle = convergence ÷ 2
Conversion angle = 7.07º ÷ 2 = 3.54º
What is the radial and DME distance from CON VOR/DME (N5354.8 W00849.1) to position N5430 W00900?
358° - 36 NM
……………
23, 29 veya 35, 36 (36 öncelikli)
What is the average track (°M) and distance between CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5) and BEL VOR (N5439.7 W00613.8)?
058° - 128 NM
Parallels of latitude, except the equator, are:
Rhumb lines
On a Mercator’s projection the distance between (17°N, 035°E) and (17°N, 040°E) is 5 cm. The scale at 57°N is approximately:
1 : 6 052 030
Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N5416.7 W00836.0?
civil airport: NDB: DME: compulsory reporting point
What is the radial and DME distance from CRK VOR/DME (N5150.4 W00829.7) to position N5140 W00730?
113° - 38 NM
Calculate the constant of the cone on a Lambert Chart given chart convergency between 010°E and 030°W as being 30°
0.75
……………
Refer to the convergence formula:
Convergence = Ch long x sin lat O
n a Lambert chart, “sin lat” = “sin parallel of origin” = constant of the cone.
Ch long E010 to W030 = 40º
Convergence = Ch long x sin lat
30º = 40º x constant of the cone
30º ÷ 40º = constant of the cone
Constant of the cone = 0.75
What is the average track (°T) and distance between WTD NDB (N5211.3 W00705.0) and SLG NDB (N5416.7 W00836.0)?
336° - 137 NM ................ WTD NDB 0-0 0-1 0-7 0-0 VE 0-1 çıkarsa 0-1 tercih edilir büyükler iki 0-0 ve bir 0-1 varsa büyük olan 0-0 alınır
What is the average track (°T) and distance between CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5) and EKN NDB (N5423.6 W00738.7)?
035° - 80 NM
…………………
5-5
0-0
On a Lambert conformal conic chart the convergence of the meridians:
is the same as earth convergency at the parallel of origin.
What is the radial and DME distance from CRK VOR/DME (N5150.4 W00829.7) to position N5220 W00810?
030° - 33 NM
What is the average track (°M) and distance between CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) and CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5)?
357° - 89 NM
Define the term ‘scale’:
The ratio of the chart length compared to the Earth’s distance that it represents.
On a direct Mercator projection, the distance measured between two meridians spaced 5° apart at latitude 60°N is 8 cm. The scale of this chart at latitude 60°N is approximately:
1: 3 500 000
Two stage process, first departure then scale.
Departure = Ch long x cos lat x 60 nm/º
Departure = 5º x cos 60º x 60 nm/º = 150 nm
Scale = 8 cm : 150 nm
Converting 150 nm into cm for equal units: 150 nm x 185 200 cm/nm = 27 780 000 cm
Scale = 8 cm ÷ 8 cm : 27 780 000 cm ÷ 8 cm
Scale = 1 : 3 472 500
SHA VOR N5243.3 W00853.1, CRK VOR N5150.4 W00829.7. Aircraft position N5220 W00910
Which of the following lists two radials that are applicable to the aircraft position?
SHA 214° CRK 330°
Which statement is correct about the scale of a Lambert projection?
The scale reaches its minimum value at the parallel of origin.
At 47° North the chart distance between meridians 10° apart is 12.7 cm. The scale of the chart at 47° North approximates:
1: 6 000 000
Scale = CD/ED. CD = 12.7 cm. ED = 10º x 60 x cos47º = 409.2nm = 758.5km Scale = 12.7cm/75,850,000cm =1/5,972,441
On a polar stereographic projection chart showing the South Pole, a straight line joins position A (70°S 065°E) to position B (70°S 025°W). The true course on departure from position A is approximately:
225°
What is the radial and DME distance from CRK VOR/DME (N5150.4 W00829.7) to position N5210 W00920?
311° - 38 NM
Given:
SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1), Connemara aerodrome (N5314 W00928), What is the SHA radial and DME distance when overhead Connemara aerodrome?
333° - 37 NM
What is the value of the convergence factor on a Polar Stereographic chart?
1.0
Convergency = Change of Longitude. n = 1.
Given:
CRN VOR (N5318.1 W00856.5) DME 18 NM, SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) DME 30 NM,
Aircraft heading 270°(M), Both DME distances decreasing. What is the aircraft position?
N5310 W00830
In a particular position the total strength of the terrestrial magnetic field is 5 nanotesia. The inclination is 55°. What is the horizontal component at this position?
2.87 nanotesia.
………………………
The horizontal component at this position is 2.87 nanotesia.
Background Information
This question is contentious and should be appealed as it is considered to be outside the scope of the EASA syllabus.
Teslas are a unit of the strength of a magnetic field, often measured in nanotesla, and the formula for calculating their value is as follows:
Magnetic Force = Total Strength x Cosine of Dip
Applying this to the problem provides:
Magnetic Force = Total Strength x Cosine of Dip
Magnetic Force = 5 x cos 55°
Magnetic Force = 2.87 nanotesla
Variation at an NDB is 9W. Variation at the aircraft is 11W. The true track of the great circle to the NDB from the aircraft, at the aircraft, is 101.5. The magnetic bearing of the NDB from the aircraft is:
112.5
……………………
Always use the variation at the aircraft position when calculating direction in relation to NDB bearings.
Radio waves follow straight lines in space, i.e. great circle tracks such that the true great circle track from the aircraft to the NDB that is given is the same as the true bearing of the NDB from the aircraft.
TB aircraft to NDB: 101.5º
Var: W11
MB aircraft to NDB: 112.5º
What is the radial and DME distance from CON VOR/DME (N5354.8 W00849.1) to position N5400 W00800?
088° - 29 NM
On a Direct Mercator chart, meridians are:
parallel, equally spaced, vertical straight lines
On which of the following chart projections is it NOT possible to represent the north or south poles?
Direct Mercator
Given:
CON VOR/DME (N5354.8 W00849.1), Castlebar aerodrome (N5351 W00917), What is the CON radial and DME distance when overhead Castlebar aerodrome?
265° - 17 NM
What is the average track (°M) and distance between BAL VOR (N5318.0 W00626.9) and SLG NDB (N5416.7 W00836.0)?
316° - 96 NM
Contour lines on aeronautical maps and charts connect points:
having the same elevation above sea level
The initial straight track from A (75°N 60°E) to B (75°N 60°W) on a polar stereographic chart is:
330° ............................ The initial straight track from A = 330° Background Information Draw a circle Draw the Greenwich Meridian from the bottom edge fo the circle, pointing in to the centre of the circle
Draw the two local meridians at A-E060° and B-W060°, each pointing in to the centre of the circle
Draw a track line from A to B
You now have a triangle with internal angles at A, B and at the North Pole (NP)
The internal angle at NP is equal to the change of longitude form A to B = 120°
The internal angles at A and B must add up to 180° - 120° = 60°
As A and B are on the same latitude the distance from A-NP and B-NP must be equal, making this an ‘isosceles triangle’, and as such the internal angles at A and B are equal
A and B = 60° ÷ 2 = 30°
If the internal angle at A = 30°, the external angle at A = 360° - 30° = 330°
The track at A is equal to the external angle at A = 330°
Given:
SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 025°/49 NM. What is the aircraft position?
N5330 W00830
Given:
SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 165°/36 NM. What is the aircraft position?
N5210 W00830
Given:
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) DME 50 NM, CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) DME 41 NM, Aircraft heading 270°(M), Both DME distances increasing. What is the aircraft position?
N5200 W00935
If the chart scale is 1: 500 000, what earth distance would be represented by 7 cm on the chart?
35 000 m
……………
The Earth distance is 7 x 500,000 cm = 3,500,000 cm = 35,000m.
A chart has the scale 1 : 1 000 000. From A to B on the chart measures 3.8 cm, the distance from A to B in NM is:
20.5
Given:
SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1), Birr aerodrome (N5304 W00754). What is the SHA radial and DME distance when overhead Birr aerodrome?
068° - 41 NM
At 0020 UTC an aircraft is crossing the 310° radial at 40 NM of a VOR/DME station. At 0035 UTC the radial is 040° and DME distance is 40 NM. Magnetic variation is zero. The true track and ground speed are:
085° - 226 kt
What is the average track (°M) and distance between WTD NDB (N5211.3 W00705.0) and KER NDB (N5210.9 W00931.5)?
278° - 90 NM
The constant of cone of a Lambert conformal conic chart is quoted as 0.3955. At what latitude on the chart is earth convergency correctly represented?
23°18’
………………………..
On a Lamberts Chart convergency is correct along the parallel of origin and the constant of the cone (or convergence factor) is the sine of the parallel of origin. 0.3955 is the sine of 23°18’ so convergency is correct at that latitude.
Given:
SHA VOR N5243.3 W00853.1, CRK VOR N5150.4 W00829.7. Aircraft position N5230 W00820
Which of the following lists two radials that are applicable to the aircraft position?
SHA 131° CRK 017°
What is the radial and DME distance from BEL VOR/DME (N5439.7 W00613.8) to position N5500 W00700?
315° - 34 NM
……………………..
8-4
On a Direct Mercator chart a great circle will be represented by a:
curve concave to the equator
Given: An aircraft is flying a track of 255°(M), 2254 UTC, it crosses radial 360° from a VOR station, 2300 UTC, it crosses radial 330° from the same station. At 2300 UTC, the distance between the aircraft and the station is:
the same as it was at 2254 UTC
Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N5150.4 W00829.7?
civil airport: VOR: DME: compulsory reporting point
A straight line from A (53ºS, 155ºE) to B (53ºS, 170ºW) is drawn on a Lambert Conformal conical chart with standard parallels at 50ºS and 56ºS.
When passing 175ºW, the True Track is:
080.0º
Assume a Mercator chart. The distance between positions A and B, located on the same parallel and 10° longitude apart, is 6 cm. The scale at the parallel is 1: 9 260 000. What is the latitude of A and B?
60° N or S
Given:
SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 048°/22 NM. What is the aircraft position?
N5300 W00830
………………………..
radial dme den büyük N koordinat sonu hep sıfır
Given: Chart scale is 1: 1 850 000. The chart distance between two points is 4 centimetres. Earth distance is approximately:
40 NM
The positions A (30°00’N, 017°30’E) and B at longitude (30°00’N, 023°30’E) are plotted on a Lambert chart with a constant of the cone of 0.5. A and B are connected by a straight line. The True Track measured at A is 088.5°.
What is the True Track measured at B?
091.5°
What is the average track (°M) and distance between WTD NDB (N5211.3 W00705.0) and BAL VOR (N5318.0 W00626.9)?
026° - 71 NM
What is the average track (°T) and distance between WTD NDB (N5211.3 W00705.0) and FOY NDB (N5234.0 W00911.7)?
286° - 81 NM
What is the rhumb line distance, in nautical miles, between two positions on latitude 60°N, that are separated by 10° of longitude?
300 NM
On a Direct Mercator chart at latitude 45°N, a certain chart length along 45°N represents a distance of 90nm on the surface of the earth. The same length on a chart along latitude 30°N will represent a distance on the earth of:
110 NM
……………………………
Since the meridians on a direct Mercator are straight, parallel lines equidistant apart, the chart distance between two meridians will be the same at any latitude on the chart. The Earth distance between the same two meridians will decrease with increasing latitude. This change will be the same as the change in scale on the chart so the following formula can be used for this type of question:
Scale A x cos lat B = Scale B x cos lat A
Which position is labelled A or B is of no importance as long as they are not mixed up.
90 nm x cos 30º = Scale B x cos 45º
(90 nm x cos 30º) ÷ cos 45º = Scale B
Scale B (or distance at N30) = 110.23 nm
The distance measured between two points on a navigation map is 42 mm (millimetres). The scale of the chart is 1:1 600 000. The actual distance between these two point is approximately:
36.30 NM
Which statement is true about the parallel of origin of a conformal chart?
The parallel of origin is the parallel at which the scale reaches its minimum value.
The chart that is generally used for navigation in polar areas is based on a:
Stereographical projection
On a navigation chart a distance of 69 NM is equal to 17 cm. The scale of the chart is approximately:
1 : 750 000
……………………………..
Scale = Chart Distance / Earth Distance
Both units must be the same.
The simplest method of calculating scale is to:
- Convert Earth Distance into the same unit as Chart Distance
69 nm x 1.852 = 127.788 km
127.788 km x 1,000 = 127,788 km
127,788 m x 100 = 12,778,800 cm
- Divide Earth Distance by Chart Distance
12,778,800 cm / 17 cm = 751,694.1176
Approximate scale = 1:750,000
The parallels on a Lambert Conformal Conic chart are represented by:
arcs of concentric circles
On a Lambert conformal conic chart, with two standard parallels, the quoted scale is correct:
along the two standard parallels
On a Lambert chart (standard parallels 37°N and 65°N), with respect to the straight line drawn on the map between A ( N49° W030°) and B (N48° W040°), the:
great circle and rhumb line are to the south
Where on a Direct Mercator projection is the chart convergency correct compared to the earth convergency?
At the equator.
On a chart, the distance along a meridian between latitudes 45°N and 46°N is 6 cm. The scale of the chart is approximately:
1: 1 850 000
……………………………..
Scale = CD/ED = 6cm/60nm = 6cm/111.2km = 6cm/11,120,000cm = 1/1,853,333.3
