03 - BIOCULTURAL AND SOCIAL EVOLUTION

Question 1

Study of ancient humans. It is an interdisciplinary branch of Anthropology concerned with the origins and development of early humans.

Answer 1

Paleanthropology

Question 2

Study of material pasts using human remains - can be any objects people created, modified, or used.

Answer 2

Archaeology

Question 3

Archaeologists look for fossils only and not artifacts. True or False?

Answer 3

False. Archaeologists look for BOTH fossils and artifacts.

Question 4

Our ancestors were little more than bipedal apes confined to African Regions. Around how many years ago did this happen?

Answer 4

Around 5 million years ago

Question 5

New locomotor strategy during the earliest hominin lineage.

Answer 5

Bipedalism

Question 6

Humans are uniquely characterized by their dependence on culture, a shared and socially transmitted behavior act. True or False?

Answer 6

True.

Question 7

Humans do not possess a complex culture that involves cognitive, political, social, and economic components. True or False?

Answer 7

False. Humans possess a complex culture that involves cognitive, political, social, and economic components.

Question 8

Cultural Development in hominins is traced back around how many years?

Answer 8

2.6 million years

Question 9

It allowed early humans to carry objects as cognitive abilities advanced, and communication, learning tools, and social structures evolved.

Answer 9

Bipedalism

Question 10

Oldest known stone tool industry, dating back to 2.5 million years. These tools are a significant milestone in human evolutionary history.

Answer 10

Oldowan

Question 11

The Oldowan is manufactured by..?

Answer 11

Homo habilis

Question 12

Where was the Oldowan first discovered?

Answer 12

Olduvai, Gorge in Tanzania
(yet many have been recovered in eastern, central, and southern Africa, the oldest of which is a site at Gona, Ethiopia

Question 13

Stone cres with flakes removed from part of a surface, creating a sharpened edge for: cutting, chopping, scraping, cutting plants, butchering animals

Answer 13

Choppers

Question 14

Emerged from Africa around 1.6 million years ago. It consists of bifacial hand axes and cleavers, which were more specialized and transported over long distances.

Answer 14

Achulean

Question 15

Often associated with Neanderthals, who lived in the cultural period known as middle paleolithic. It is located in Europe, North America, and Central Asia. It is then used for: skinning and paring meat, hunting, woodworking, and hafting.

Answer 15

Mousterian

Question 16

Cultural period showing many technological innovations, such as developing sophisticated cave art and very elaborate burials in grave goods.

Answer 16

Upper Paleolithic (Chatelperronian, Arignacian, Gravettinian, Soluterean, Magdalenian)

Question 17

The Upper Paleolithic can be found in which countries?

Answer 17

Eurasia, Africa, and Indonesia

Question 18

A group of people sharing culture and territory, interacting more with each other than outsiders and working together to achieve common goals.

Answer 18

Society

Question 19

Shared beliefs and values hold people together. Here, members of the premodern societies think the same way, and everyone fulfills their expected social positions.

Answer 19

Mechanical Solidarity

Question 20

Societies with specialized and interdependent social positions are held together. Here, society becomes complex through increasingly complex division of labor and changes in how people carry out necessary tasks for survival.

Answer 20

Organic Solidarity

Question 21

He theorized that society changes overtime. He classified societies into 5 types.

Answer 21

Gerhard Lenski’s Perspective

Question 22

1st type of society emerged into 30,000-40,000 years ago. Hunts wild animals and gather plants for food using basic tools. Small Nomadic Groups with no permanent settlements. There is NO SOCIAL INEQUALITY; resources are shared with all members.

Answer 22

Hunting and Gathering

Question 23

Around 12,000 years ago, domestication of animals and plant cultivation led to societal change. Accumulation of surplus material started, resulting in specialization and social inequality.

Answer 23

Horicultural and Pastoral

Question 24

Pastoral is still Nomadic; Horicultural showed first human settlement. True or False?

Answer 24

True.

Question 25

Developed 5,000 years ago with better farming and animal drawn-plow. Permanent Settlement. More material surplus specialization and inequality.

Answer 25

Agrarian

Question 26

In 1750, with the birth of Industrial Revolution, production shifted from animal and human to machine power. Centralization and Capitalization emerged. More material surplus, specialization, and inequality.

Answer 26

Industrial

Question 27

Emerged with the development of computers. An economy based on information, services, and technology

Answer 27

Post-Industrial

Question 28

The change from one type to another is due to..?

Answer 28

Technology

Question 29

Lenski focused on this as then primary source of societal change.

Answer 29

Technology

Question 30

Lenski observed this through a process called…? Wherein changes that occur as society gains new knowledge.

Answer 30

Sociocultural Evaluation