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Programming Languages > 02H1 - Early Languages > Flashcards

02H1 - Early Languages Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six (6) early languages?

A
  1. Plankalkul
  2. Pseudocodes
  3. IBM 704 and Fortran
  4. COBOL
  5. LISP
  6. Prolog
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2
Q

It means program calculus

A

Plankalkul

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3
Q

It was developed by Konrad Zuse

A

Plankalkul

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4
Q

Includes mathematical expressions showing the relationships between program variables

A

Plankalkul

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5
Q

Have their own interpretative system for execution

A

Pseudocodes

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6
Q

Were implemented through compiling routines

A

Pseudocodes

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7
Q

What are the three (3) notable pseudocodes?

A
  1. Short Code
  2. Speedcoding
  3. The UNIVAC “Compiling” System
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8
Q

The capabilities of IBM 704 prompted the development of …

A

Fortran

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9
Q

The Fortran was derived from …

A

Formula Translation

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10
Q

… is a general-purpose imperative programming language created for numeric computation and scientific computing

A

Fortran

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11
Q

Computers had small memories and were slow and relatively unreliable

A

Fortran

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12
Q

The primary use of computers was for scientific computations

A

Fortran

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13
Q

There were no existing efficient and effective way to program computers

A

Fortran

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14
Q

Because of the high cost of computers compared to the cost of programmers, the speed of the generated object code was the primary goal of the first …

A

Fortran compilers

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15
Q

COBOL stands for

A

Common Business Oriented Language

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16
Q

COBOL was developed by?

A

CODASYL Committee

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17
Q

What year was COBOL was developed?

A

1960

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18
Q

What is the full meaning of CODASYL

A

Conference on Data System Languages

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19
Q

It is not designed for writing systems programs

A

COBOL

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20
Q

Designed for developing business, typically file-oriented applications

A

COBOL

21
Q

What are the three characteristics of COBOL?

A

Self-documenting, Non-proprietary, Maintainable

22
Q

Stands for List Processor

A

LISP

23
Q

It was developed by John McCarthy in the 1950s

A

LISP

24
Q

First functional programming language that was intended to provide language features for list processing

A

LISP

25
Q

Used in applications for artificial intelligence

A

LISP

26
Q

2 Dialects of LISP

A
  1. Scheme
  2. Common LISP
27
Q

What are the two types of Data Structures in LISP?

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Lists
28
Q

similar to identifiers, but can also be numeric constants

A

Atoms

29
Q

can be lists of atoms, lists, or any combination of the two

A

Lists

30
Q

All computations are performed by applying functions to arguments

A

Functional Programming Style

31
Q

Uniform Representation of Data and Code

A

LISP

32
Q

Reliance on Recursion

A

LISP

33
Q

Garbage Collection

A

LISP

34
Q

Emerged in the mid-1970s. Invented by Guy Lewis Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman

A

Scheme

35
Q

Characterized by its small size, its treatments of functions as first-class entities, and its exclusive use of static scoping

A

Scheme

36
Q

A convention used with many programming languages that se the scope (range of functionality) of a variable so that it may only be referenced from within the block of code in which it is defined

A

Static Scoping

37
Q

What are the other term for Static Scoping?

A

Lexical Scoping

38
Q

Developed in the early 1980s

A

Common LISP

39
Q

Designed by combining the features of several dialects of LISP

A

Common LISP

40
Q

Allows both static scoping and dynamic scoping

A

Common LISP

41
Q

creates variables that can be called from outside the block of code in which they are defined

A

Dynamic Scoping

42
Q

Derived from Programming Logic

A

Prolog

43
Q

Designed by Alain Colmerauer, Phillippe Roussel, and Robert Cowalski in the early 1970s

A

Prolog

44
Q

… programs consists of collections of statements

A

Prolog

45
Q

Prolog programs consist of …

A

collections of statements

46
Q

A method for specifying predicate calculus propositions

A

Prolog

47
Q

An implementation of a restricted form of resolution

A

Prolog

48
Q
A

Programming Languages (19 decks)

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