02c: Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

List the stages of lung development.

A
  1. Embryonic
  2. Pseudoglandular
  3. Cannicular
  4. Terminal sac (saccular)
  5. Alveolar
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2
Q

Describe embryonic stage of lung development.

A

Respiratory diverticulum forms

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3
Q

Describe pseudoglandular stage of lung development.

A

Branching to form terminal bronchioles

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4
Q

Describe canalicular stage of lung development.

A

Respiratory bronchioles form

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5
Q

Describe saccular (terminal sac) stage of lung development.

A

Capillary-epithelium interface matures

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6
Q

Describe alveolar stage of lung development.

A

Increase in respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

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7
Q

There’s an intense in-growth of blood vessels in (X) stage of respiratory system development.

A

X = Cannicular

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8
Q

In (X) stage of respiratory system development, histological structure of the lung resembles a gland.

A

X = Pseudoglandular

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9
Q

(Ventral/dorsal) (X) forms respiratory diverticulum.

A

X = ventral foregut endoderm

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10
Q

Respiratory system development of vascular network from (X) tissue.

A

X = splanchnic mesoderm

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11
Q

Tracheoesophageal septum develops and divides:

A

Trachea and lung buds from esophagus

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12
Q

Respiratory system of fetus stops developing at week 7. (X) stage has halted. Does this fetus have terminal or respiratory bronchioles?

A

X = pseudoglandular;

No, has neither

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13
Q

Primordial capillary airspace interface develops in (X) stage of respiratory system development.

A

X = Cannicular

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14
Q

Toward end of (X) resp development stage, each (Y) bronchiole has given rise to at least two respiratory bronchioles.

A
X = Cannicular
Y = terminal bronchiole
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15
Q

T/F: Fetuses born during pseudoglandular period of lung development are unable to survive.

A

True

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16
Q

T/F: Fetuses born during cannicular period of lung development are unable to survive.

A

False - can survive with intensive care

17
Q

(X) resp development stage: formation of secondary crests, which are (Y) that subdivide into (Z).

A
X = saccular
Y =  ridges of epithelial lined mesenchyme 
Z = saccules (small sacs/pouches)
18
Q

In later stages of resp development, specifically (X) stage, interstitial tissue (thickens/thins).

A

X = saccular;

Thins

19
Q

(X) resp development stage: increase in elastic network around airways and between airspaces.

A

X = saccular

20
Q

T/F: Interstitial mesenchyme continues to thin postnatally.

21
Q

Growth of the lung continues for (X) after birth is, primarily consisting of increase in (Y).

A
X = 8-10 years
Y = number of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
22
Q

Lung maturation is associated with which 4 things?

A
  1. Saccule develop to alveoli
  2. Surfactant production
  3. Alveolar wall thins
  4. Capillary bed expansion
23
Q

Measurable amount of surfactant during (X) weeks of resp development.

24
Q

T/F: In Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome, infant almost always preterm.

25
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: (X) results in a cascade of events that causes (Y) membranes to develop and line alveoli.
``` X = increase in work of breathing Y = hyaline ```
26
(X) is the most common congenital lesion of the lung. What's the result?
X = pulmonary hypoplasia Decrease in size and weight of lung
27
T/F: Few cases of pulmonary hypoplasia are secondary to conditions that limit fetal lung growth. Most cases are primarily PH.
False - most are secondary
28
Three major factors may lead to pulmonary hypoplasia. List them.
1. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 2. Oligohydramnios 3. Decreased respiration during fetal period
29
(X) is the most common malformation of the diaphragm, most frequently caused by failure of (Y) membranes to (Z).
``` X = Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Y = pleuroperitoneal Z = close pericardioperitoneal canals ```
30
In Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the (X) cavities are continuous along (anterior/posterior) wall.
X = peritoneal and pleural | Posterior
31
Oligohydramnios is usually to do (X) anomalies. Amniotic fluid is (reduced/in excess).
X = urinary | Reduced (swallowed, but not excreted)