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Neuroscience And Behaviour > [028] Forebrain 1 > Flashcards

[028] Forebrain 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is cerebral cortex grey or white matter?

A

Grey matter

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2
Q

What is the neocortex?

A

Most of the cortex apart form olfactory and limbic areas

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3
Q

How many layers are there in neocortex?

A

6

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4
Q

What are pyramidal cells

A

Pyramidal neurons are the sole output (and major input ) of the cortex

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5
Q

What types of pyramidal neurons are there
And what are their differences

A
  1. Association fibres
    - leave cerebral cortex to go to other cortical areas in same hemispheres
  2. Commissural fibres
    - leave cerebral cortex, go across midline and go to cerebral cortex at contralateral hemispheres
  3. Projection fibres
    - leave cerebral cortex, go down into structures deep in forebrain or even into spinal cord eg corticospinal fibres
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6
Q

Which layer does corticospinal axons arise from in neocortex

A

Layer V neurons

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7
Q

Which layer does the thalamus project to in the neocortex?

A

Layer IV

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8
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

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9
Q

Which sulcus divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe

A

Central sulcus

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10
Q

Temporal lobe is below which sulci?

A

Lateral fissure aka Sylvian fissure

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11
Q

What does The Central sulcus separate

A

Central sulcus (sulcus of Rolando) separates frontal lobes (located anteriorly) from the more posterior parietal lobe

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12
Q

What separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe

A

Lateral sulcus

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13
Q

Is there any demarcation between parietal and occipital lobe laterally?

A

NO! There is no specific demarcation between parietal and occipital lobe laterally.

But there is a sulcus on the medial aspect

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14
Q

What demarcates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

A

Along medial aspect of hemispheres, parietal lobe and occipital lobe separated by parieto-occipital sulcus

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15
Q

Do the lateral ventricles extend into each lobe of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

Yes
- Anterior frontal horn into frontal lobe
- Body within frontal and parietal lobe
- Posterior occipital horn projects into occipital lobe
- Inferior temporal horn extends inferiorly and anteriorly in temporal lobe

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16
Q

Components of ventricular system

A

A. Lateral view
B. Posterior view

17
Q

What is this area

A

Insular cortex

18
Q

Name the gyrus pointed at

A
19
Q

Name the gyri in frontal lobe

A

Superior frontal gyrus
Middle frontal gyrus
Inferior frontal gyrus
Precentral gyrus

20
Q

Gyri of temporal lobe

A

Superior temporal gyrus
Middle temporal gyrus
Inferior temporal gyrus

21
Q

(Notable) Gyri in parietal lobe

A

Postcentral gyrus

In inferior parietal lobe:
Supramarginal gyrus (by definition, cuts off at end of lateral fissure)
Angular gyrus

Superior parietal lobe

22
Q

What is the intraparietal sulcus

A

One of two main sulci of parietal lobe (the other being post central sulci)

  • runs from Postcentral sulcus towards occipital pole, dividing parietal lobe into superior and inferior parietal lobules
23
Q

What are Brodmann areas based off

A

Brodmann areas of cerebral cortex are based on histology but reflect function

24
Q

What is Broca’s area necessary for and where is it found in

A

Broca’s area found only in dominant hemisphere for language, usually left
- inferior frontal gyrus of the left side

Necessary for fluent speech

25
Q

Where is Broca Area located

A

Occupies par Opercular is and pars triangular is parts of inferior frontal gyrus

26
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located

A

Also called M1,
Generally in Precentral gyrus, but it is hard to define the anterior border of the primary motor cortex

27
Q

Where is premotor cortex located

A

Area 6 on lateral surface of hemisphere (In orange )
Active bilaterally, if at all

28
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex located

A
  • Just behind the motor cortex, M1
  • in parietal lobe
  • occupies entire Postcentral gyrus
  • bilateral
29
Q

Representation of body parts in somatosensory cortex, S1

A
  • somatotropin organisation
  • Representation of contralateral body parts is inverted (except for the face)
  • hand, lips and tongue have disproportionately large representation
30
Q

Does the motor cortex have a somatotopic organisation?

A

Yes
But organisation of motor cortex is complex
- not the case that each corticospinal neuron controls one muscle — have widespread terminals eg there is no corticospinal neuron specific for biceps brachii. Some corticospinal axons arise from neurons in parietal cortex.

31
Q

Where is primary auditory cortex located

A

Area 41
Bilaterally

32
Q

Where is the Wernicke’s area located

A
  • Dominant hemisphere only
  • Area 22 in superior temporal gyrus of left hemisphere
  • Includes area 39, planum temporal (temporal plane) that comprises superior temporal gyrus (posterior portion of Brodman area 22) just posterior to primary auditory cortex and Supramarginal gyrus, area 40
33
Q

Function of Wernicke’s area

A

Concerned with understanding spoken word

34
Q

Function of planum temporal

A

Facilitates spatiotemporal discrimination and identification of auditory stimuli that are crucial for speech

Involved in or modulated by auditory attention when selecting stimuli from left versus right ear

35
Q

Angular gyrus location

A

Area 39,
Belongs descriptively to inferior parietal lobule
Commonly included as part of Wernicke area
In dominant hemisphere

36
Q

Function of angular gyrus

A

Reading (alexia) and
Writing (agraphia)

37
Q

What are lesions involving Wernicke area in adults associated with

A

Wernicke or receptive aphasia, where comprehension is impaired to a greater extent than fluency of speech.

38
Q

Where is the posterior

A

Neuroscience And Behaviour (11 decks)

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