0228 the bacterial cell

Question 1

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

List some key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Size (e= bigger, p= smaller), nucleus (e=present, p=absent), organelles (e=present, p= absent), cell wall (e=simple, p=complex), cytoskeleton (e=present,p=absent), chromosome (e=mutliple, p=single) and cell division (e=mitosis/meiosis, p=binary fission)

Question 2

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

What is the name of the process through which bacteria reproduce

Answer 2

Binary fission

Question 3

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

Briefly describe the stages of binary fission

Answer 3

DNA replication within cell > membrane elongation (groups genetic material pulled to side) > cross wall formation and membrane invagination > cross wall connection (creates 2 daughter cells)

Question 4

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

List some categories that can be used to classify bactera

Answer 4

Oxygen usage, temperature range and pH range

Question 5

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

What are the general functions that a similar in both euklaryotic and prokaryotic microbes

Answer 5

The need for DNA replication, transcription and translation and metabolism/catabolism (energy production/utilisation)

Question 6

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

What is the clinical relevance of the bacterial cell wall

Answer 6

The cell wall is important for identification (gram +ive or -ive), virulence (presence of adhesins and invasins) and the target for antibiotics

Question 7

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

List the components of a gram positive bacterial well

Answer 7

Cytoplasmic membrane below a thick layer of peptidoglycan. TEchoic acids bind the peptidoglycan layers together and lipotechoic acid anchors the entire peptidoglycan layer to the cell membrane

Question 8

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

Which structures of the gram +ive cell are not foudn in the gram -ive

Answer 8

Techoic acid and liptotechoic acid

Question 9

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

List the components of the gram negative bacterial cell wall

Answer 9

A thin peptidoglycan layer within a periplasmic space. Below it is a plasma membrane. Above it is an outer membrane which contains porins and lippolysacharides

Question 10

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

which structures of the gram -ive cell wall are not present in gram +ive cells

Answer 10

The outer membrane and all structures on that (e.g. lipopolysacharides). The periplasmic space

Question 11

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

Which component of the gram negative cell wall induces the immune response within hosts

Answer 11

The lipid A within the lipopolysacharides

Question 12

 Describe some of the key similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells  Describe the process by which bacteria grow and replicate  Illustrate, describe in detail, and know the key differences between the cell wall components of gram negative and gram positive bacteria  Describe two factors used to define serotypes

What type of virulence factor are capsules (i.e. what is their function)

Answer 12

Capsules are impedins and confer resistance to immune function