0226 Cell Biology 1

Question 1

In terms of the 3 main macronutrients (protein, carbs, lipids), which comprises the largest proportion of the cell? What about the least?

Answer 1

Protein = most (20%), Lipids = less (2%). Carbs is the least (<1%)

Question 2

What is the cell membrane ? What is it’s primary function

Answer 2

The cell membrane is essentially the barrier to the external environment. It is made of a phospolipid bilayer with various proteions within in. Its primary function is the regulated transport of compounds in/out of the cell

Question 3

List 3 examples of integral/intrinsic proteins you might find in a cell membrane

Answer 3

Transporters, channels, receptors, linker proteins, enzymes and structural proteins

Question 4

What is the nucleus of the cell? What is it’s primary function

Answer 4

The nucleus is the largest membrane bound organelle in the cell. It contains DNA which is used in replication, growth, essential functions, etc

Question 5

What is the name of the membrane that contains the nucleus? What is the name of the channels in the membrane

Answer 5

Nuclear envelop is the membrane of the nucleus and the channels are nuclear pores

Question 6

What are ribosomes? What is their function

Answer 6

Ribosomes are small, dense particles that synthesis protein/functional products from RNA. They are found in aggregates near the nucleus and in the ER

Question 7

What is the endoplasmic reticulum? What is its function

Answer 7

The ER is a network of cisternae held by cytoskeleton. Rough ER manufactures proteins and Smooth ER produces lipids, phospholipids and steroids

Question 8

What is the golgi apparatus and what is its function

Answer 8

The golgi apparatus is composed of stacks of cisternae (similar in location and structure to ER). It prepares proteins for exocytosis, synthesises carbs and assembles new membrane

Question 9

What are lyosomes and what is their function

Answer 9

Lysosomes are cytoplasmic vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes. They recycle and breakd own extra-cellular material and waste

Question 10

What are mitochondria and what is it’s function

Answer 10

Mitochondria a membrane bound organelles that are responsible for cellular respiration. They are the site of oxidative phospharylation

Question 11

Name one cell that can have more than 1 nucleu

Answer 11

Skeletal muscle cell

Question 12

Are there any normal cells which do not have a nucleus

Answer 12

Yes, A mature red blood cell

Question 13

What are the contents of lysosomes in neutrophils

Answer 13

Neutrophils are phagocytes of the innate inmmune system and one of the first inflammatory responding cells. They also release granules of antimicrobial proteins

Question 14

What cells would you predict to have the highest mitochondria

Answer 14

Muscle cells