0225 Cell nutrients Flashcards
•Describe the four macronutrients, discuss dietary sources, and recognise the importance of the macronutrients in human health •Describe the micronutrients, differentiate between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins, and recognise the importance of the micronutrients in human health •Identify the link between nutrient intake and disease, and give examples from the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines.
List the 4 major macronutrients
Protein, Carbohydrates, Fats and Alcohol
What is a macronutrient
Chemical compounds humans consume in the largest quantities and which provide energy
What is a micronutrient
Chemical element or substance required in trace amounts for the normal growth and development but does not yield energy
List the 3 types of micronutrients
Vitamins, minerals and trace elements
What are the 2 categories of vitamins and list some examples of each
Fat soluble vitamins = dissolved in fat, stored in the liver and don’t require daily replenishment (e.g. vitamins A, D, E and K). Water soluble vitamins = highly soluble, require daily replenishment in your body (e.g. vitamin C)
What are the 3 types of nutrients found in our diet
Macronutrients, micronutrients, non-nutrients
What is a non-nutrient? An example of a non-nutrient
Physiologically active compounds in foods that provide benefits but are not essential nutrients (e.g. Phytochemicals (in plants) and zoochemicals (in animals) )
What is the difference between starch vs fibre
Both starch and fibre are polysaccharides but starch has a bond that human anzymes can breakdown whereas fibres has a bond that can’t be broken down
What are saturated, monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
Saturated = no double bonds. Monounsaturated = one double bond. Polyunsaturated = several double bonds
