021615 metabolic syndrome, menopause Flashcards
clinical manifestations of PCOS
chronic anovulation
hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, alopecia)
deepening of voice, increased musc mass and clitormegaly may occur but are more suggestive of virilizing (andorgen secreting) tumor
pathophysiology of PCOS
gonadotropin secretion disturbance (increased LH to FSH ratio, causing increased androgen)
steroidogenesis disorder
insulin resistance
how does PCOS cause endometrial hyperplasia
increased androgen goes to adipose tissue and is converted to estrone, which goes to uterus and stimulates endometrial hyperplasia
spironolactone
used to tx PCOS
competitive inhibitor of androgen receptor
menopause
final menstrual period and is usually confirmed when woman has missed her period for 12 months
what occurs in menopause transition
menstrual cycle becomes variable in length and then becomes an interval of amenorrhea of over 60 days
when do you see vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes
late transition of menopause and early postmenopause
when do you see dryness, dyspareunia, urinary symptoms with respect to menopause?
late post menopause
menopausal symptoms
vasomotor symptoms
vaginal dryness
sleep disturbances
depressed mood
true or false: WHI had subjects that had BMI that were higher than in observational group
true (WHI had subjects with BMI 28-30)
CEE with bazedoxifene–the bazodoxifene fxns as?
it’s estrogen-like on bone but anti-estrogen on the uterus so it provides endometrial protection
current indications for menopausal hromone therapy
symptomatic postmenopausal women less than a deade out from final menstrual period and W/O increased risk for CHD and breast cancer
NOT indicated for prevention of chronic disease (CHD, etc)
ospemifene
SERM taken orally for atrpohic vaginitis and dsypareunia
