020915 female physio review Flashcards
in the fetal period, what hormones are present from the fetus?
hCG from placenta
fetal FSH and LH
these stimulate production of oogonia within the ovaries
what do the ovaries produce in terms of estrogens
estradiol and estrone (estriol is made in liver)
progesterone’s structure resembles
cortisol (it is a precursor of cortisol in adrenal cortex)
why is pulsatile GnRH release so important?
if continuous, will cause pituitary to stop responding as well to GnRH
estrogen’s effects on puberty
growth spurt
breast development, pubic hair
lastly, menstrual cycles begin
corpus luteum produces
progesteron and to a lesser degree estrogen
what is signaled by decline of progesterone (and estrogen)?
uterine spiral artery vasoconstriction
how does fetal adrenal synthesize DHEA?
it uses progesteron from trophoblast and makes DHEA
placental secretion of hormones–pattern?
hCG is secreted in first trimester, then wanes in second and third
estrogen and progesterone increase through pregnancy to parturition
what happens to prolactin in pregnancy in the mother?
increases steadily throughout gestation
the maternal adrenal increases production of testosterone in gestation: true or false?
true
other physiological changes in pregnancy
- increased CO (increased HR, SV)
- hyperpnea
- blood volume increase (to support large increase in CO)
- hematocrit decreases slightly
- increased renal blood flow, increased GFR
what happens to estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin levels after parturition
prolactin goes up in peaks during and after periods of nursing (the bursts inhibits gonadotropin release)
estrogen and progesterion go down
the decrease in estrogen at menopause is due to
inability of ovaries to produce mature follicles
athletes can get
amenorrhea due to low fat mass (theorized that signals from adipose tissue signal hypothalamus to increase GnRH pulses when girls reach the age of puberty)
