020202a Framing Systems Flashcards by Garret LeBlanc

What is the distinguishing feature of western platform framing?

Floors and walls are constructed separately, with the completed floor becoming the working platform.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What acts as firestops in platform framing?

Wall plates. Preventing the spread of fire upward from storey to storey.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the disadvantage of using solid lumber floor joists in platform framing?

Shrinkage occurs in the width of the floor joists.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In balloon framing, how high do the wall studs extend in a two-storey building?

Each stud is toenailed to the sill plate and is continuous from the sill plate to the roof rafters.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the 5 systems used for wood frame construction.

Platform framing
Balloon framing
Post and Beam
Pole construction
Structural insulated panels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How are floors supported in balloon framing?

The main floor rests on the foundation mud sill. Upper floors are nailed to the side of the studs and rest on a let-in ribbon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a major advantage of balloon framing?

Balloon framing has fewer problems associated with shrinkage of the framing lumber.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why can framing members in post and bean construction be spaced farther apart than in balloon or platform framing?

Individually, the larger framing members are able to support greater loads.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is thicker roof sheathing required for post and beam construction?

Roof beams are spaced farther apart and the thicker sheathing is needed to reduce its deflection.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the exterior and interior finish attached to in post and beam construction?

Framed stud walls are erected between the posts to provide a means of attachment for the exterior and interior wall finishes.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What function do the poles serve in pole construction?

The poles act as a foundation for the building.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why are structural insulated panels ideally suited for exterior walls?

The polyurethane foam core has excellent insulation properties.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the maximum allowable moisture content for framing lumber?

19 percent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In platform systems, which framing member is used to support loads that occur over openings in walls?

Lintels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In balloon framing, how are roof and floor loads transferred to the foundation?

Roof loads are transferred directly to the foundation nu the wall studs.

Upper story floor loads are transferred to the studs by a let-in ribbon. The studs then transfer the loads to the foundation.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Platform and balloon framing are examples of stick framing. T or F

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Standard dimensional lumber is well suited for ____ framing.

Stick

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Smaller dimensioned materials are suited for post and beam or pole construction.

T or F

F. Larger dimensioned materials are suited for post and beam or pole construction.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Structural insulated panels utilize an-made products such as oriented strand board and urethan foam. T or F

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the maximum stud spacing?

24 inches on centre

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Shrinkage is greatest ____ the grain of wood.

Across

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If traditional lumber is used. It is not uncommon for the shrinkage to in excess of 12 mm (1/2”) per floor. T or F

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In ballon framing what must be done if the studs exceed 3 metres in length?

Additional blocking must be installed. This stiffens the walls and acts as a firestop.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many plates are usually used in wood-framed walls?

The top, cap, bottom (sole) plate.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The cap plates ties the corners and wall intersections together. T or F

In a load-bearing wall, a single top plate may be used if the joists or rafters bearing on it are directly over or with ___ mm of the edge of the wall studs.

50 mm (2")

Joints in the single top plates of load-bearing walls must have a metal strap or plate at least ___ by ___ nailed across it.

75 mm by 150 mm (3"x6")

Lintels are also referred to as headers. T or F

Lintels are beams that are framed as part of the walls above windows and doors. T or F

What are cripple studs? And can they be used between the lintel and the top plate?

Shortened studs that are normally used between a windowsill and a bottom plate. Yes. The can be used between the lintel and the top plate.

What is a stud?

Vertical and individual vertical framing members in the wall frame that run between the top and bottom plates.

What is an advantage in using platform framing in regard to studs?

The wall studs are usually only one-storey high. The builder can order studs recut to a standard length, thereby eliminating the need to cut them on-site.

What is a PRECISION END TRIMMED STUDS?

(PETS) are widely available for residential framing projects. These studs are precut to a standard length and are intended to be used with two top plates and a single bottom plate.

Do Precision End Trimmed Studs allow the ceiling to be drywalled and has enough clearance for standard sheets of drywall to be installed on the walls?

Yes. they are tall enough for the ceiling to be drywalled. And there is enough clearance for the walls.

What are three common PETS sizes?

92 5/8 104 5/8 116 5/8

One major disadvantage to platform framing is wood shrinkage due to lumber drying. T of F

Framing members placed on edge, such as floor joists and lintels, are very susceptible to shrinkage. T or F

A typical two-storey building has six wall plates and two sets of joists. This adds up to approximately 650 mm (2') if lumber framed on edge or on flat, If traditional lumber is used, it is not uncommon to be in excess of ___ per floor.

12 mm (1/2")

Shrinkage, if not allowed for at the framing stage, causes problems with rigid wall finishes such as stucco or drywall. T or F

Exterior wall studs and the lower floor joists in balloon framing rest on the foundation sill plate. T or F

Balloon framing studs are toenailed to the sill plate and is continuous from the sill plate to the roof rafters. T or F

If studs in ballon framed walled exceed ___ in length, additional blocking must be installed between them. This stiffens the wall and acts as a firestop.

3 metres

All exterior walls must be built and erected before the floor joists can be put into place in ballon framed walls. T or F

In multi storey houses, a ____ must be let-in to the studs in a ballon framed house.

ribbon

Second storey floor joists are partially supported by the ribbon and each floor joist is nailed to the side of the studs. T or F

What are some other known names for Post and Beam Construction?

PLANK AND BEAM TIMBER FRAME

What is POST AND BEAM construction?

Post and Beam construction uses larger members for structural support unlike platform and balloon framing.

Members in post and beam construction can be wood timbers or man-made products, such as glue laminated beams. T or F

The larger post and beams in P&B construction are each able to carry greater weight and can therefore be spaced more than ___ apart. On-centre spacing of 2400 mm (8') or greater may be achieved.

24" (600 mm)

What are some ways to enclose post and beam construction members?

1 stud wall framing 2 large plank or decking members 3 structural insulated panels

Due to the large size of the posts and beams, special metal connectors may be required to assemble the structure. T or F

Because the roof beams are spaced farther apart in P&B construction, the roof sheathing must be ____ to avoid excessive deflection.

THICKER

Due to excessive deflection, what type of lumber is often used for roof sheathing in P&B construction?

Tongue-and-grooved, 38 mm thick.

Roof loads are transferred from the beams directly to the posts, which in turn transmit the load to the foundation in P&B. T or F

Post and beam buildings should be designed by an engineer to ensure that all structural requirements are met. T or F

What is pole construction and what is it commonly used for?

Pole construing uses large diameter, treated poles as a foundation. The poles are inserted into holes angered in the ground and held in place by tamped earth or concrete. Commonly used for erecting farm buildings or cottages.

Prior to construction, an engineer should be consulted about soil conditions and structural requirements for pole construction. T or F

Where would pole construction be commonly found?

In warm climates or in areas where flooding may be a concern (lake or ocean frontage).

How is the floor frame connected to the poles in pole construction?

The floor frame is bolted to the poles and the walls are then erected on the subfloor.

What is a Structural Insulated Panel?

SIP panels are with two skins that are bonded to a polyurethane foam core.

What are the two skins when referring to SIPs.

The interior skin is usually gypsum board and the exterior skin may be OSB or pressure-treated plywood.

Some manufacturers place regular wall studs between the skins to give the panels greater strength. T or F

SIPs were originally designed for use as exterior walls, but are now being incorporated into floor and roof systems due to their excellent insulation properties suited for exterior building surfaces, T or F

Panel thickness for SIP are typically ___ to ___. Standard panel size is ____, but other widths are available.

115 mm (4-1/2") to 165 mm (6-1/2") 4x8

Studs used for non-loadbearing walls may be...

Stud, Utility or No. 3 grade or better.

Studs used for load bearing walls may be atleast....

Stud, Standard, or No.2 grade.

Each sawmill grades the lumber and stamps the boards to show the grade. T or F

Lumber used for framing should have a moisture content not exceeding ___ percent.

19 %

Shrinkage is greatest ____.

In width, across the grain.

Material shrinkage has the greatest effect on framing systems that use load bearing members placed on edge, such as floor joists, beams, and lintels. T or F

Shrinkage also occurs in the thickness of wall plates. Which can be significant in platform framing. T or F

What are some effects of shrinking in platform framing on building materials.

Cracking around window and door openings. Rigid wall finishes, such as drywall and stucco, are also partially susceptible.

Balloon framing is the least effected by shrinkage. T or F

Shrinkage in pole construction can shrink the affect the diameter of the poles. T or F

Nailing sheathing to every stud strengthens exterior walls in platform framing. The sheathing prevents the studs from bowing or buckling when loads are applied. T or F

Platform framing typically uses 2 x 6 exterior wall studs to carry roof and floor loads. T or F

In platform framing, if a floor joist or roof truss lands over a rough opening, the weight must be supported by a lintel. T or F

In platform framing , knee or pony walls have very little resistance to ___ loads imposed by winds or earthquake.

Lateral loads.

In balloon framing, roof loads are transferred through the wall studs to the foundation. T or F

In post and beam construction, the roof loads are carried by the beams, which rest on top of posts. In turn, the posts transmit the loads to the foundation. T or F

In pole construction, how are roof loads supported?

The poles used in this style of construction provide the foundation for the rest of the building. The diameter and on-centre spacing of the poles must be designed to support the toal load of the building.

Pole frame and stud wall buildings are NOT more susceptible to wind loads. T or F

F. They are more susceptible to wind loads.

What are three methods of providing wind resistance for open-end buildings?

1. Structural knee braces combined with the pole frame 2. Oversized poles of sufficient strength 3. An external bracing system

External braces, are very effective at wind resistance. A brace of this type at one side of the building, every ___ to ___ is adequate for most buildings.

12 to 20 m (40 to 60')

Uplift force from wind on high exposed buildings is substantial and for open ended structures the uplift can be _____.

Doubled

In platform or balloon framed walls, resistance to wind or other lateral loads is provided by ____.

Sheathing.

On load-bearing walls, in platform or balloon framing, if no sheathing is used or the type of of sheathing does not provide this support (styrofoam, rigid fibreglass) then additional permanent bracing is required in each wall. T or F

What are the code requirements for the permanent bracing of platform or balloon framed walls in regard to resistance to lateral loads.

1. Atleast 1x4 (18 mm x 89mm) 2. Notched or let-in studs 3. Extend from the top of the wall to the bottom at a 45 degree angle.

How long are pre-cut studs for a standard 8 foot high wall?

92'5/8"

What is a disadvantage in framing a balloon frame building?

exterior walls must be erected before floor joist can be placed

Which of the following distinguishes balloon framing from platform framing?

second floor joists rest on ribbons

Where does the greatest shrinkage occur in platform framing?

across the thickness of plates and width of joists

In a two-storey balloon frame, how are the upper floor joists partially supported?

on a ribbon let into the studs

How are suspended floor systems attached to pole buildings?

Lag bolts

What is considered to be the maximum moisture content for framing lumber?

19%

What is the main difference between post and beam construction and other types of framing?

There are greater distances between structural supports.

In which type of framed wall is the building height not affected by joist shrinkage?

balloon

When framing lumber arrives at a job site, what is the maximum moisture content you would expect to find in it?

19%

Unfinished interior loadbearing walls require hurts/girths or strapping at mid height to prevent sideways buckling of the studs. T or F

Open ended pole buildings incorporate wind load resistance by using which techniques?

a) External braces b) Oversized poles c) Structural knee braces on the pole frame

What is the main purpose of a beam in post and beam construction?

To carry loads to the posts.