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2 - Framed Structures And Building Science > 020202d The Building Envelope > Flashcards

020202d The Building Envelope Flashcards

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1
Q

How does heat travel through a solid concrete wall?

A

Conduction

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2
Q

Of the following substances, which would allow the greatest heat transfer by conduction?

a) glass fibre batts
b) wood fibre
c) vermiculite
d) concrete

A

Concrete

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3
Q

To insulate the exterior of concrete walls of a basement, which type of insulation listed below would provide drainage?

a) semi-rigid
b) roll of fibreglas
c) loose fill
d) polyurethane

A

Semi-rigid

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4
Q

What is conduction?

A

The transference of heat through a solid material.

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5
Q

Do heavy, dense materials have molecules packed tightly together which allows faster heat transference? Y or N

A

Y

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6
Q

What is radiation?

A

Warm objects emit invisible heat waves that are similar to light waves.

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7
Q

Heat loss through the walls is primarily by conduction. The solid wood plates and studs will conduct heat from the interior of the building to the exterior. Applying sheets of ____ insulation to the outside of the wall will reduce heat loss through these members.

A

Rigid

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8
Q

Conduction heat loss can be reduced by placing studs further apart. T or F

A

T

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9
Q

The stud cavity must be completely filled with insulation, allowing no gaps or empty spaces. This minimizes air movement within the cavity, reducing heat loss by ____.

A

Convection

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10
Q

Convection heat loss is especially a concern around unsealed electrical outlets. T or F

A

T

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11
Q

How can impact sounds be reduced or eliminated?

A

Cushioning the impact

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12
Q

Should attic insulation provide complete coverage over the entire ceiling area and be of sufficient depth to totally cover the tops of ceiling joists or bottom chords of trusses. T or F

A

T

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13
Q

Why is loose fill insulation not well suited for vertical applications?

A

It settles

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14
Q

Cantilevered floors or floors over an unheated crawl space must be insulated. Insulation is carefully cut and applied so that no gaps exist. T or F

A

T

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15
Q

Caulking or a compressible foam sill gasket should be applied at header and rim joists and the top of the foundation wall junction to prevent air passing through. T or F

A

T

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16
Q

What is the accepted definition of the term “dew point”?

A

The temperature in which condensation occurs.

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17
Q

Heat may be lost by conduction through concrete foundations. These foundations must be insulated to at least 24” below finish grade. T or F

A

T

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18
Q

Interior insulation for a foundation is usually achieved by framing a stud wall inside the foundation and placing firbreglass batts between the studs. T or F

A

T

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19
Q

Insulation placed below grade in the exterior if the foundation usually rigid or semi-rigid sheets. T or F

A

T

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20
Q

Spaces between the window or doorjambs and the framing should be filled with insulation to prevent air movements around these units. T or F

A

T

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21
Q

Which vapour barrier is most commonly used in modern construction?

A

polyethylene

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22
Q

What is best used to seal vapour barrier joints?

A

acoustical seal

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23
Q

Under what conditions is air able to contain more moisture?

A

when air is heated

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24
Q

When warm air is cooled by contact with a cool surface, the result may be:

A

Condensation

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25
Q

The higher the R-value, the less the resistance to heat transfer. T or F

A

F

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26
Q

Good insulation materials have many tiny cells or air pockets, which help to slow down heat transfer. T or F

A

T

27
Q

Insulation values can be increased by the addition of a reflective foil backing on the insulation or the wallboard to reduce radiant heat loss. T or F

A

T

28
Q

What type of joint is recommended between sheets of vapour barrier on a wall?

A

lapped 100 mm, sealed and stapled to a framing member

29
Q

In the double wall system, how are electrical boxes placed? (consider the most likely location of the vapour barrier)

A

secured to the sides of the inner wall studs

30
Q

What are the 5 types of insulation?

A

batt, semi-rigid, rigid, polyurethane foam, loose fill

31
Q

What is batt insulation made of?

A

glass or mineral fibres spun together

32
Q

In energy efficient housing using the double wall system, where is the vapour barrier installed?

A

on the outside of the inner walls

33
Q

What are two types of wall framing for energy efficient construction?

A

Staggered stud and double wall

34
Q

What can be done to trusses to increase energy efficiency?

A

Change them to high heel type

35
Q

Why should you leave an open space below the sub-flooring sheathing on a cantilevered floor?

A

To avoid a cold area on the floor above

36
Q

Why must cardboard insulations stops be installed at the point where the rafters or roof trusses meet the exterior wall?

A

It keeps the insulation from plugging the soffit vents which reduce are movement in the attic.

37
Q

Which of the following materials is considered the better thermal insulator?

a) glass
b) concrete
c) wood
d) steel

A

wood

38
Q

Rigid insulation panels are made from a chemical called polystyrene. There are two different rigid insulation products made using this chemical. What are they?

A

extruded polystyrene (blue SM) - for areas where moisture may be a problem

expanded (white) - some are used for areas where moisture is a problem

39
Q

How could you protect insulation panels for the exterior of foundation walls?

A

Use 6 mm thick pressure treated plywood, or 12.5 mm thick cement parging to protect the panels.

40
Q

Why are all the glass fibres oriented vertically for semi-rigid insulation?

A

So that trapped water is channelled down to the weeping tile at the base of the foundation.

41
Q

Sound absorption is obtained by using wallboards with a surface that is _____.

A

Soft and slightly rough

42
Q

Vapour barriers should be installed on which side of the insulation?

A

The warm side

43
Q

Can the blue-coloured extruded polystyrene insulation be used on the outside of concrete foundations?

A

Y

44
Q

Vapour barriers should be installed on which side of the insulation?

A

The warm side

45
Q

Where is it acceptable to make joints in the vapour barrier?

A

Directly over a framing member

46
Q

What can be done to avoid moisture accumulation in a crawl space?

A

Place vents on opposite ends of the building

47
Q

Where horizontal joists occur in sheathing membranes they must be lapped at least:

A

100 mm

48
Q

When the vapour barrier joint is located over a supporting member, that joint shall lap not less than:

A

100 mm

49
Q

In the double wall system, how are electrical boxes placed? (consider the most likely location of the vapour barrier)

A

secured to the sides of the inner wall studs

50
Q

In energy efficient housing using the double wall system, where is the vapour barrier installed?

A

On the outside of the inner walls

51
Q

What can be done to trusses to increase energy efficiency?

A

Change them to high heel type

52
Q

Why should you leave an open space below the sub-flooring sheathing on a cantilevered floor?

A

Avoid a cold area on the floor above

53
Q

What are the 3 ways to reduce sound transmission?

A
  1. Place sound absorbing material within the wall cavity
  2. Increase the mass of the wall
  3. Break the path of sound vibration
54
Q

How can you increase the mass of a wall?

A

Additional layer of drywall to each side of the wall.

55
Q

What are the three methods of breaking the path of vibration in a wall?

A
  1. Resilient metal channel. This is attached between the drywall and the studs. This prevents direct contact between the two and lessons the amount of vibration that is transferred.
  2. Staggered stud wall framing The sole and top plates are wider than the studs. The studs are staggered so that every second stud touches the same side of the wall.
  3. Double wall penetration. Two walls are framed independent of each other. An 25 mm air space is left between the walls to break the sound vibration path. Also known as PARTY WALLS
56
Q

Special poly-pans are fitted around electrical boxes and the air barrier is sealed to the poly pan using moisture proof tape or acoustical sealant. T or F

A

T

57
Q

Wall sheathing membranes must be _____. This allows any moisture within the wall to escape to the exterior and not be trapped in the wall.

A

breathable

58
Q

In tightly sealed buildings, the total volume of air inside must be exchanged every __ hours.

A

3

59
Q

Ventilation must be provided to exhaust the stale, moist air and replace it with fresh air from outside. This may be done how?

A

natural means (open windows) and mechanical means ( forced air furnace)

60
Q

How may attic ventilation be provided?

A

soffit vets, gable ends vents, roof vents

61
Q

How should cantilevered floor areas be insulated?

A

So there is a warm air space under the floor so that it will be the same temperature as the rest of the floor area.

62
Q

Which is the best type of insulation for preventing the passage of radiant heat?

A

Reflective foil

63
Q

The lower the PERM rating the better the resistance to diffusion for vapour barriers. T or F

A

T

64
Q

What is the ideal amount of water vapour in the air? (Relative humidity)

A

30-55%

2 - Framed Structures And Building Science (4 decks)

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