02 - Systems of Aviation Flashcards
Which systems are surrounding the aviation industry?
Social, economic, policital, ecological and technological
Important Cooperations in international aviation authorities?
FAA - USA
ICAO - UNO
EASA - EU (BAZL ist dort angeschlossen)
JAA –> ECAC (alle EU Länder sind dort angeschlossen)
Swiss Aviation Authorities
Transport Ministry –> Fed. Flight accident / safety & Investication commision (3 separate institutions)
under the Transport of ministry is the FOCA where all stakeholders are connected (airlines, airspace control etc.)
What kind of problems are accidents and heavy incidents?
System failures, which rais safety questions
What are important safety questions?
Why did the system fail? (never a single cause)
Why wasn’t the system able to detect the failure?
What can be done to create a system that is sensible to failures and resistant against accidents?
Which actions were taken as a result of the Swiss incidents?
New education, new aviation law, new safety officer
What is the two sided market of airports?
(1) aeronautical vs. non-aeronautical revenues
2) attracting airlines (competitive) vs. attracting passengers (natural monopolies
What is a single till airport system?
Total revenues are integrated = cross subsidizing of aviation
What is a dual till airport system?
Non aviation revenues are invested into non-aviation –> higher airport charges (competition issue)
What are competition factors for airports?
Connectivity, Charges, Turnaround time, Delay, Services
What is the causal relationship between air service liberalization and economic growth?
Liberalization -> better air services –> traffic growth –> economic growth –> job growth
What are catalytic effects of aviation?
- enables individual mobility to worldwide destinations.
- Ties the economy into the international division of labor
- raises the attractiveness of business location
Economic Importance of Aviation
Read VL02 - S.31-33
Is the impact of aviation on climate change big?
No, it only accounts for around 1,5-3% of global carbon emissions. But until 2030 it could be up to 1/4 of uk’s contribution to global warming
How does the CO2 pricing work?
Airlines receive a specific amount of tons of CO2 emissions they can use. The rest they don’t use they can sell -> incentive to use less / buy more efficient airplanes
What is the big picture of sustainability of air transport?
Global with respect to climate change
Regional with respect to noise, smell and politics
What are the three perspectives concerning sustainability of air transport?
Local around airports, national and international
Why are larger airplanes interesting in terms of technical development?
Efficiency of an airplane increases with increasing size
What is one reason for minimum time space between starting planes?
Wake turbulence
What are design considerations for wide bodies?
Lower ratio of surface compared to volume
Faster boarding, loading, deboarding
Wider fuselage: better ground maneuverability, greater fright capacity
What are typologies of the “new generation aircraft”?
Composite materials: carbon fiber, reinforced plastics, light and strong, no metal fatigue, lighter and stronger aircrafts, less maintenance, carrying more PAX
Efficiency and economics: 20% more efficient, better engines, new wing design
What are implications of new Wide Bodies in terms of Success factors network/Hub Airlines?
Extensive market coverage, alliance and ability to adapt good and homogenous processes
What are implications of LARGE wide bodies?
long range, economies of scale and scope, mega hubbing
What are implications by new small wide bodies?
Longer range, connecting hubs, more passengers, convenince, less fuel
What are problems with ageing aircrafts?
- 20 years old aircraft cause 50% higher maintenance cost
- spare parts supply = problematic
- increased maintenance = less availability
- higher fuel costs
How do airplanes look like in the future?
Single wing with slight delta shape, integrationof passenger cabins and cargo room in the wing, up to 1500 passengers transport capacity, new fuel (thermo-electric power), no passenger windows anymore for the benefit of weight decrease
Success factors of manufacturer
- technology –> constant development
- product platforms –> capital needs
Social System: positive and negative?
positive: connectivity, social intercultural interaction and time savings
negative: noise and health
