02 Introduction to Animal Diversity Flashcards
Which of the following terms or structures is properly associated only with animals?
A) Hox genes
B) cell wall
C) autotrophy
D) sexual reproduction
E) chitin
A) Hox genes
Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition
A) from organic matter.
B) by preying on animals.
C) by ingesting it.
D) by consuming living, rather than dead, prey.
E) by using enzymes to digest their food.
C) by ingesting it.
The larvae of some insects are merely small versions of the adult, whereas the larvae of other insects look completely different from adults, eat different foods, and may live in different habitats. Which of the following most directly favors the evolution of the latter, more radical, kind of metamorphosis?
A) natural selection of sexually immature forms of insects
B) changes in the homeobox genes governing early development
C) the evolution of meiosis
D) B and C only
E) A, B, and C
B) changes in the homeobox genes governing early development
Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?
A) cells that have mitochondria
B) the structural carbohydrate, chitin
C) nervous conduction and muscular movement
D) heterotrophy
E) both A and C
C) nervous conduction and muscular movement
The number of legs an insect has, the number of vertebrae in a vertebral column, or the number of joints in a digit (such as a finger) are all strongly influenced by
A) haploid genomes.
B) introns within genes.
C) heterotic genes.
D) heterogeneous genes.
E) Hox genes.
E) Hox genes.
The Hox genes came to regulate each of the following in what sequence, from earliest to most recent?
- identity and position of paired appendages in protostome embryos2. formation of water channels in sponges3. anterior-posterior orientation of segments in protostome embryos4. positioning of tentacles in cnidarians5. anterior-posterior orientation in vertebrate embryos
A) 4 → 1 → 3 → 2 → 5
B) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1 → 5
C) 4 → 2 → 5 → 3 → 1
D) 2 → 4 → 5 → 3 → 1
E) 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 → 5
E) 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 → 5
The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a
A) unicellular chytrid.
B) unicellular yeast.
C) plant.
D) multicellular fungus.
E) flagellated protist.
E) flagellated protist.
An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most certainly also
A) triploblastic.
B) a deuterostome.
C) eucoelomate.
D) the product of metamorphosis.
E) highly cephalized.
A) triploblastic.
An obsolete taxon, the ʺRadiata,ʺ included all phyla whose adults had true radial symmetry. Today, the ʺRadiataʺ is more correctly considered to be
- a clade.2. a grade.3. monophyletic.4. paraphyletic.5. polyphyletic.
A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 4
D) 2 and 5
E) 1, 2, and 3
C) 2 and 4
What is the correct sequence of the following four events during an animalʹs development?
- gastrulation
- metamorphosis
- fertilization
4. cleavage
A) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1
B) 4 → 3 → 1 → 2
C) 3 → 2 → 4 → 1
D) 3 → 4 → 2 → 1
E) 3 → 4 → 1 → 2
E) 3 → 4 → 1 → 2
At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?
A) fertilization
B) cleavage
C) gastrulation
D) coelom formation
E) metamorphosis
C) gastrulation
At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo?
A) fertilization
B) cleavage
C) gastrulation
D) coelom formation
E) metamorphosis
B) cleavage
What may have occurred to prevent species that are of the same grade from also belonging to the same clade?
A) similar structures arising independently in different lineages
B) convergent evolution among different lineages
C) adaptation by different lineages to the same selective pressures
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C
E) A, B, and C
Which characteristic is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?
A) dorsoventrally flattened bodies
B) flame bulbs
C) radial symmetry
D) a digestive system with a single opening
E) both A and D
D) a digestive system with a single opening
What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of blood flukes in a human population?
A) Reduce the mosquito population.
B) Reduce the freshwater snail population.
C) Purify all drinking water.
D) Avoid contact with rodent droppings.
E) Carefully wash all raw fruits and vegetables.
B) Reduce the freshwater snail population.
While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters large numbers of fertilized eggs. The student rears some of the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has a true coelom. These eggs probably belonged to a(n)
A) chordate.
B) echinoderm.
C) mollusc.
D) nematode.
E) arthropod.
C) mollusc.
Which of the following is a characteristic of nematodes?
A) All species can be characterized either as scavengers or as decomposers.
B) They have only longitudinal muscles.
C) They have a true coelom.
D) They have a gastrovascular cavity.
E) Many species are diploblastic.
B) They have only longitudinal muscles.
The larvae of many common tapeworm species that infect humans are usually found
A) encysted in freshwater snails.
B) encysted in the muscles of an animal, such as a cow or pig.
C) crawling in the abdominal blood vessels of cows and pigs.
D) encysted in the human brain.
E) crawling in the intestines of cows and pigs.
B) encysted in the muscles of an animal, such as a cow or pig.
While vacationing in a country that lacks adequate meat inspection, a student ate undercooked ground beef. Sometime later the student became easily fatigued, and lost body weight. At about the same time, whitish, flattened, rectangular objects full of small white spheres started appearing in his feces. Administration of niclosamide cured the problem. The student had probably been infected by a
A) pinworm.
B) hookworm.
C) nematode.
D) tapeworm.
E) proboscis worm.
D) tapeworm.
