03 Circulation and Respiration Flashcards
In which of the following does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?
A) mammals
B) birds
C) fish
D) amphibians
E) insects
D) amphibians
To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n)
open circulatory system.
hemocoel.
lymphatic system.
two-chambered heart.
four-chambered heart.
four-chambered heart.
A human red blood cell in the pulmonary artery is on its way to re-oxygenate in the lungs. From this point in the artery, how many capillary beds must this red blood cell pass through before it returns to the left atrium of the heart?
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Two
A blood vessel has the following characteristics: outer layer of connective tissue, a thick layer of smooth muscle with elastic fibers, no valves. It is which of the following?
a vein
a venule
an artery
a capillary
a portal vessel
an artery
If the atrioventricular node could be surgically removed from the heart without disrupting signal transmission to the Purkinje fibers, what would be the effect?
No apparent effect on heart activity would be observed.
The heart rate would be decreased.
Only the ventricles would contract.
Only the atria would contract.
Atria and ventricles would contract at about the same time.
Atria and ventricles would contract at about the same time.
Which of these stimulate the production of red blood cells
low-density lipoproteins
immunoglobulins
erythropoietin
epinephrine
platelets.
erythropoietin
Which of these stimulate the production of red blood cells
low-density lipoproteins
immunoglobulins
erythropoietin
epinephrine
platelets.
erythropoietin
Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize which of the following?
endocytosis
blood pressure
diffusion
active transport
osmosis
diffusion
Which of the following occurs with the exhalation of air from human lungs?
The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases.
The residual volume of the lungs decreases.
The diaphragm contracts.
The epiglottis closes.
The rib cage expands.
The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases.
The blood level of which gas is most important in controlling human respiration rate?
nitric acid
nitrogen
oxygen
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply?
the lungs of a vertebrate
the gills of a fish
the tracheal system of an insect
the skin of an earthworm
the parapodia of a polychaeta worm
the tracheal system of an insect
How is most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood in humans?
bicarbonate ions in the plasma
CO2 attached to hemoglobin
carbonic acid in the erythrocytes
CO2 dissolved in the plasma
bicarbonate attached to hemoglobin
bicarbonate ions in the plasma
