[02] Immunity- Innate and Adaptive Flashcards
What are the two types of immunity?
- Innate immunity
- Adaptive immunity
What is innate immunity?
A non-specific defense mechanism that comes into play immediately or within hours of an antigen’s appearance in the body
What are the components of innate immunity?
- Physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes)
- Phagocytes
- Natural killer cells
- Interferons
- Complement system
- Inflammatory response
- Fever
What is adaptive immunity?
A specific immune response that occurs after exposure to an antigen either from a pathogen or a vaccination
What are the components of adaptive immunity?
- T lymphocytes (T cells)
- B lymphocytes (B cells)
How does innate immunity differ from adaptive immunity?
Innate immunity is non-specific and immediate, while adaptive immunity is specific and develops over time
What is the role of T cells in adaptive immunity?
They regulate immune responses and directly attack infected cells
What is the role of B cells in adaptive immunity?
They produce antibodies against antigens
What are antigens?
Substances that can trigger an immune response
What are antibodies?
Proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens
What is an inflammatory response?
A non-specific defense reaction to infection or injury
How do natural killer cells function in innate immunity?
They attack and kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells
What is the function of interferons in innate immunity?
They protect cells from viral infections
What is the role of the complement system in innate immunity?
It enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells
How does a fever contribute to the innate immune response?
It accelerates the immune response and inhibits the growth of pathogens
What are phagocytes?
White blood cells that ingest and destroy pathogens
How does adaptive immunity create memory?
It creates memory cells after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen
What is humoral immunity?
A component of adaptive immunity where B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens
What is cell-mediated immunity?
A component of adaptive immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T-cells against infected cells
What are cytokines?
Small proteins that regulate immune responses and inflammation
What role do cytokines play in the immune system?
They mediate and regulate immune and inflammatory responses
