02 Hydrogen Atom Flashcards
What is a line spectrum
a spectrum showing only certain colors of light
spectrum for white light
contains all frequencies of visible light
what is a lazer
monocromatic spectrum
absorption
ground state -> excited state
emission
excited state -> ground state
electronic transition
an electron within an atom is jumping from one allowed state to another and emitting a photon in the form of electromagnetic radiation
as n decreases…
distance decreases, attraction increases and energy gets lower or more negative
is attractive energy more negative or more positive
more negative
electron transitions from a higher (less negative) energy orbit (larger n) to a lower (more negative) orbit result in…
the emission of photons with matching energies
absorption of photons of the appropriate energy…
promotes electrons from a lower orbit to a higher one
at n = infinity, energy is
zero
what is ionization
atom gaining or losing electrons to form ions
energy will be negative when we have _______ and indicates a ________
an attractive interaction
a release of energy
closer to the nucleus =
higher or lower energy
lower energy
- due to the significant attractive forces
both disance and energy are…
quantized! meaning that only specific values are possible
as n increases…
the radius increases
the energy will increase and will become less negative
the energy levels get closer and closer together
what is electron density
the probability of an electron residing in a given tiny volume of space
what is ionization energy
energy needed to remove an electron
what does being quantized mean
can only have specific values
what is an orbital
a 3d region of space that can hold an electron
where is electron density the highest
around the nucleus, tapers off as you get farther
what are quantum numbers
numbers required to describe arrangement of electrons in an atom
Principal quantum number (n)
tells us the shell
indicates energy and distance from the nucleus
integer ranging from 1 to infinity
(city)
angular momentum quantum number (l)
integer ranging from 0 to n-1
what letter is l = 0
and what shape does this correspond to
s (sphere)
what letter and shape does l = 1 correspond to
p and ‘dumbells’
what letter and shape does l = 2 correspond to
d and ‘clover’ or ‘dumbell donut’
what letter and shape does l = 3 correspond too
f and the shape is too complicated to define
what is magnetic quantum number (ml)
integer ranging from -l … 0 … +l
the number of possible ml gives the number of orbitals in the subshell
describes spatial oreintation
what does degenerate mean
having an equal energy
what is boundary surface
the surface within which there is a specified probability (often 90%) that an electron will be found
what is energy splitting due to
it is due to electron-electron repulsion and the idea of effective nuclear charge
what are the only two values that the magnetic momentum of an electron can be
+1/2 or -1/2
n
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