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02 History Flashcards

1
Q

Historian that documented variolation

A

Voltaire

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2
Q

Smallpox vaccination

A

Edward Jenner

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3
Q

Cross immunity

A

Edward Jenner

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4
Q

Virus responsible for smallpox

A

Variola

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5
Q

Virus responsible for cowpox

A

Vaccinia

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6
Q

Virus responsible for chickenpox

A

Varicella

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7
Q

Discovered phagocytosis

A

(Ernst) Haeckel

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8
Q

Father of Immunology

A

Louis Pasteur

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9
Q

Pioneer of attenuation

A

Louis Pasteur

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10
Q

Chicken cholera vaccination

A

Louis Pasteur

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11
Q

Anthrax vaccination

A

Louis Pasteur

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12
Q

Rabies vaccination

A

Louis Pasteur

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13
Q

Source of rabies vaccine

A

Dried spinal cord of rabid dog

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14
Q

Methods of attenuation

A

Heat, Aging, Addition of Chemicals

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15
Q

Champion of cellular immunity

A

Elie Metchnikoff

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16
Q

Nobel Laureate for observing phagocytosis

A

Elie Metchnikoff

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17
Q

Metchnikoff’s test animal for phagocytosis discovery

A

Transparent starfish larvae

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18
Q

Champions of humoral immunity

A

Emil Von Behring & Kitasato Shibasaburo

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19
Q

Nobel laureate for deriving diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin

A

Emil Von Behring

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20
Q

C. tetani toxin

A

Tetanospasmin

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21
Q

Passive immunization

A

Emil Von Behring & Kitasato Shibasaburo

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22
Q

Demostrated cutaneous / type 4 hypersensitivity

A

Robert Koch

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23
Q

Discovered agglutination reactions

A

(Herbert Edward) Durham & (Max) Von Gruber

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24
Q

First serologic test for S. typhi

A

Widal Test

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25
Q

Derived the first serologic test for typhoid fever diagnosis

A

Ferdinand Widal

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26
Q

Antibody formation theory

A

Paul Ehrlich

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27
Q

Discovered ABO blood groups

A

Karl Landsteiner

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28
Q

Book written by Karl Landsteiner

A

The Specificity of Serologic Reactions

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29
Q

Discovered anaphylaxis & immediate hypersensitivity

A

(Paul) Portier & Charles Richet

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30
Q

Nobel prize winner for anaphylaxis

A

Charles Richet

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31
Q

Most sever and life-threatening form of hypersensitivity

A

Anaphylaxis

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32
Q

Discovered opsonins

A

Almoth Wright, Stephen Douglas, & Joseph Denys

33
Q

Substances that coat pathogens in order to make them more susceptible to phagocytosis

34
Q

Described the relationship between immunity and hypersensitivity

A

(Clemens) Von Pirquet & (Bela) Schick

35
Q

First tuberculosis vaccine from M. bovis

A

Albert Calmette & Camille Guerin

36
Q

Complement-mediated cytolysis

A

(Richard) Pfeiffer & (Hans) Buchner

37
Q

Principal soluble mediators of inflammation

A

Complement

38
Q

Nobel laureate for the discovery of complement proteins

A

Jules Bordet

39
Q

Developed the hemolytic plaque assay

A

Niel Jerne

40
Q

Concept of immunological tolerance

A

Peter Medawar

41
Q

Genes that control the synthesis of HLAs

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex

42
Q

Discovered murine MHCs

A

George Snell

43
Q

Discovered human MHCs

A

Jean Dausset & Baruj Bennaceraf

44
Q

Deciphered the polypeptide structure of antibody molecules

A

Rodney Porter

45
Q

Radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones

A

Rosalyn Yalow

46
Q

Described the action of lysozymes

A

Alexander Fleming

47
Q

Discovered penicillin

A

Alexander Fleming

48
Q

Enzymes inside lysosomes that can kill Gram positive microorganisms by destroying their cell wayy

49
Q

Discovered that adaptive immunity is mediated by lymphocytes

A

James Gowan

50
Q

Developed the technique to produce monoclonal antibodies

A

Cesar Milstein & Georges Kohler

51
Q

Technique used in producing monoclonal antibodies

A

Hybridoma technology

52
Q

Made crucial discoveries about the structure of immunoglobulins, as well as the first complete sequence

A

Gerald Edelman

53
Q

Developed the quantitative precipitin assay

A

Michail Heidelberger

54
Q

Heidelberger’s collaborator in quantitative precipitin assay studies on antigen-antibody reactions

55
Q

Chinese method of inhaling pulverized smallpox crusts for immunization

A

Variolation

56
Q

Discovered antibody diversity and T cell receptor diversity

A

Tonegawa Susumu

57
Q

Discovered intereferons

A

Alic Isaacs & Jean Lindemann

58
Q

Substances containing antiviral properties by blocking the translation of viral proteins

A

Interferon

59
Q

Original name of HIV

A

Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV)

60
Q

Isolated a retrovirus from an immunocompetent homosexual man with lymphsdenopathy

A

Luc Montaigner

61
Q

Renamed LAV into HAV

A

Robert Gallo

62
Q

Introduced the concepts of organ transplantation

A

E. Dounal Thomas & Joseph Murray

63
Q

Principle of double recognition

A

Peter Doherty & Rolf Zinkernagel

64
Q

Gene that regulates T cell development

A

FOX3p gene

65
Q

Discovered human papilloma virus (HPV)

66
Q

Discoveries concerning innate immunity

A

Bruce Beutler & Jules Hoffmann

67
Q

Discovered the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity

A

Ralph Steinman

68
Q

Discovered antibody diversity and T cell receptor diversity

A

Tonegawa Susumu

69
Q

Discovered intereferons

A

Alic Isaacs & Jean Lindemann

70
Q

Substances containing antiviral properties by blocking the translation of viral proteins

A

Interferon

71
Q

Original name of HIV

A

Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV)

72
Q

Isolated a retrovirus from an immunocompetent homosexual man with lymphsdenopathy

A

Luc Montaigner

73
Q

Renamed LAV into HAV

A

Robert Gallo

74
Q

Introduced the concepts of organ transplantation

A

E. Dounal Thomas & Joseph Murray

75
Q

Principle of double recognition

A

Peter Doherty & Rolf Zinkernagel

76
Q

Gene that regulates T cell development

A

FOX3p gene

77
Q

Discovered human papilloma virus (HPV)

78
Q

Discoveries concerning innate immunity

A

Bruce Beutler & Jules Hoffmann

79
Q

Discovered the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity

A

Ralph Steinman

Immunology & Serology (2 decks)

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