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Aural Rehab Textbook > 02 - Book, Ch. 2 > Flashcards

02 - Book, Ch. 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What is another name for speech recognition?

A

Speech perception

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1
Q

What is speech recognition?

A

How well someone can understand a spoken message using auditory and/or visual cue

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2
Q

What is speech recognition testing?

A

Assessing how well an individual can recognize speech units

Phonemes, words, and/or sentences

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3
Q

What is the first phase of AR?

A

To assess how well someone can recognize speech

This is followed by the reception of a listening device and/or auditory/speech reading training

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4
Q

What is an audiogram?

A

A graphic representation of hearing thresholds

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5
Q

What is a threshold?

A

The softest, detectable sound level

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6
Q

What is an audiometer?

A

An instrument that measures hearing

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7
Q

What is air conduction?

A

When sound is transferred to the cochlea via the outer and middle ears

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8
Q

What is bone conduction?

A

When sound is transferred to the cochlea via the bones of the head

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9
Q

What is sound level? What is it measured in?

A

The intensity of a sound

dB

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10
Q

What is frequency? What is it measured in?

A

The pitch of a sound

Hertz (Hz)

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11
Q

What are Hertz?

A

The number of cycles per second

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12
Q

O stands for ______.

A

Right ear

Air Conduction

Unmasked

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13
Q

X stands for ______.

A

Left Ear

Air Conduction

Unmasked

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14
Q

⁤ stands for ______.

A

Left Ear

Air Conduction

Masked

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15
Q

ᐃ stands for ______.

A

Right Ear

Air Conduction

Masked

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16
Q

< stands for ______.

A

Right Ear

Bone Conduction (Mastoid)

Unmasked

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17
Q

> stands for ______.

A

Left Ear

Bone Conduction (Mastoid)

Unmasked

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18
Q

[ stands for ______.

A

Right Ear

Bone Conduction

Masked

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19
Q

] stands for ______.

A

Left Ear

Bone Conduction

Masked

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20
Q

A stands for ______.

A

Aided threshold

Meaning another device (like a hearing aid) was used

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21
Q

Aᵣ stands for ______.

A

Aided Threshold

Hearing Aid

Right

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22
Q

Ac stands for ______.

A

Aided Threshold

Hearing Aid

Left

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23
Q

C stands for ______.

A

Cochlear Implant

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24
Q

What is the effect of mild hearing loss?

A

Hearing is ok in quiet

In noise, speech recognition may drop up to 50%

Consonants are likely to be missed if HL is in the high frequencies

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25
Q

What is the effect of mild-moderate HL?

4

A

Speech is usually understood in quiet or when face-to-face

Speech is better understood with a known topic and a constrained vocabulary

Without a listening device, the individual may miss 50-75% of spoken message (if PTA is 40 dB HL)

Without a hearing aid, the individual may miss 80-100% of spoken message (if PTA is 50 dB HL

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26
Q

What is the effect of moderate to sever HL?

A

Without a listening device, the individual may miss the entire message even when face to face

Group conversations are extremely difficult

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27
Q

What is the effect of severe HL?

A

May not hear voices unless they are exceedingly loud

Will probably not recognize any speech without a listening device

Will probably hear some speech and some environmental sounds

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28
Q

What is the effect of profound HL?

A

Sound will most likely be perceived as vibration

Vision will be relied on as primary sense for speech recognition

May not hear any sounds without amplification

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29
Q

What does MCL stand for?

A

Most Comfortable Loudness

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30
Q

What is Most Comfortable Loudness?

A

The sound level that is most comfortable for the listener

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31
Q

What does ULL stand for?

A

Uncomfortable Loudness Level

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32
Q

What is uncomfortable loudness level?

A

The sound level that is uncomfortably loud for the listener

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33
Q

What is the dynamic range?

A

The difference in dB between someone’s speech detection threshold and their uncomfortable loudness level

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34
Q

Why is the dynamic range important?

A

It influences the selection and programming of individual listening devices

It sometimes influences the design of an individual’s auditory training program

35
Q

What is the loudspeaker azimuth? How is it measured?

A

The position of a loud speaker relative to the listener

It is measured in angular degrees in the horizontal plane

36
Q

What is soundfield testing? Who is this used with

A

Audiologic testing that uses loud speakers.

Usually used for patients that cannot tolerate headphones (small children, etc.)

It can also be used to test how well someone’s everyday hearing is or how their listening device is helping them

37
Q

Where does audiologic testing usually occur?

A

In a sound treated booth

If this is not available, then in the quietest available room

38
Q

Is determining someone’s need for amplification a purpose of speech recognition test?

A

Yes

39
Q

Is building a patient’s confidence by comparing hearing with and without a listening device a purpose of speech recognition test?

A

Yes

40
Q

Is comparing different listening devices (to help with choice) a purpose of speech recognition test?

A

Yes

41
Q

Is proving to a patient that they have trouble understanding speech a purpose of speech recognition test?

A

Yes

42
Q

Is demonstrating the benefits of a visual-speech combination a purpose of speech recognition test?

A

Yes

43
Q

Is discovering what environmental-related listening issues might be affecting the patient a purpose of speech recognition test?

A

Yes

44
Q

Is monitoring speech performance over time a purpose of speech recognition test?

A

Yes

45
Q

Is determining the need for auditory/speechreading training a purpose of speech recognition test?

A

Yes

46
Q

Is determining the starting level a patient should begin their auditory/speech reading training a purpose of speech recognition test?

A

Yes

47
Q

Is evaluating what would be the best education setting for a child a purpose of speech recognition test?

A

Yes

48
Q

Is evaluating whether an expected benefit was recieved a purpose of speech recognition test?

A

Yes

49
Q

When selected a word recognition test, it is important to be sure that the selected test is on par with a patients ______ and _______.

A

Cognitive level

Linguistic ability

50
Q

What is phoneme testing?

A

Testing phoneme recognition

Looks at phonetic errors

Can look at vowels and/or consonants

51
Q

What is information transmission analysis?

A

A statistical procedure that analyzed the transmission of speech features by looking at the pattern of someone’s errors

(Are the errors due to voicing, to placement, etc.)

52
Q

What is multidimensional scaling?

A

A statistical procedure where data points are represented in geographical space

Similar phonemes are close together and dissimilar phonemes are further apart

53
Q

What is a cluster analysis?

A

A statistical approach that looks at what data points fall into groups and clusters

/b/, /d/, & /g/ often cluster together because they sound the same to people with hearing loss

54
Q

What does PB stand for?

A

Phonetically balanced

55
Q

What is a phonetically balanced word list?

A

A set of words that contain speech sounds within the same frequency

56
Q

What is frequency of occurance?

A

The frequency that a word is likely to occur in everyday speech

57
Q

What is a dense neighborhood?

A

A set of words where there are lots of similar words (cat, mat, bat, etc.)

These tend to be harder to recognize

58
Q

What is a sparse neighborhood?

A

A set of words that has few similar words (thumb, lost)

These tend to be easier to recognize

59
Q

Most word lists are comprised of monosyllabic words with the phonetic structure ______.

A

CVC

60
Q

What does SL stand for?

A

Sensation level

61
Q

What is a sensation level?

A

The level that a sound (in dB) is above a person’s threshold

62
Q

What is white noise?

A

Broadband noise with equal energy across all frequencies

63
Q

What does SNR stand for?

A

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

64
Q

What is a Signal-to-Noise Ratio?

A

The level of a signal relative to background noise

65
Q

What is speech reading enhancement?

A

The difference between speech recognition performance in a vision-only condition and an auditory-plus-vision condition

66
Q

What is an open set test?

A

One that does not provide options for the response

67
Q

What is a closed set task?

A

The stimulus comes from a fixed number of items known tot he patient

68
Q

What is live voice testing?

A

The stimuli is spoken by the examiner

69
Q

What are recorded stimuli?

A

Stimuli that are prerecorded and presented via CD, DVD, computer, etc.

70
Q

What is altered speech?

A

Human speech that has been filtered or modified by a computer

71
Q

What is time compressed speech?

A

Speech that has been digitally altered to delete some segments from the ongoing signal wave

This makes the stimulus sound like natural speech produced at a very fast rate

72
Q

What is expanded speech?

A

Small segments of the speech signal are digitally duplicated

This makes the stimulus sound like speech being produced very slowly

73
Q

What is filtered speech?

A

Speech that is pass through a filter bank(s)

74
Q

What is low-pass filtered speech?

A

Speech were the high frequencies have been scrubbed but the low frequencies remain

75
Q

What is high pass filtered speech?

A

Speech where the low frequency signal has been scrubbed but the high frequencies remain

76
Q

What are learning effects?

A

When performance on a test improves due to the familiarity with the test

77
Q

What is an equivalent list?

A

Separate lists that contain items that have a similar difficulty level

This is supposed to negate learning effects

These lists may not be equivalent when used with some listening devices

78
Q

What is the test-retest variability?

A

A measure of the consistancy between one test and another

79
Q

What is test reliability?

A

The ability of a group of test takers to achieve the same scores when a test is repeated

80
Q

What is test validity?

A

When the test measures what it claims to measure

81
Q

What are synthetic sentences?

A

Sentences that are syntactically correct but meaningless

They usually have a noun, verb, and object

82
Q

An audiologic test should have both good ______ and good ______.

A

Reliability

Validity

83
Q

Are there enough speech recognition tests for languages outside of English?

A

No

84
Q

Bilinguals perform better on tests administered in ______ than in ______.

A

Their native language

Their second language

Aural Rehab Textbook (3 decks)

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