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Cardiac Electrophysiology > 02 - Basic Principles of the ECG > Flashcards

02 - Basic Principles of the ECG Flashcards

0
Q

With atrial depolarization, atrial contraction begins and correlates to which wave?

A

P

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1
Q

What is the pathway of the typical cardiac electrical activity?

A 
SA node
Right atrium
AV node
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers
Ventricles
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2
Q

When atrial contraction finishes, the myocardium stops depolarizing and there is another isoelectric point in the ECG which is called

A

P-R interval

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3
Q

When depolarization moves from the apex of the ventricles toward the outflow tracts, this complex is generated?

A

QRS

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4
Q

Why is the QRS complex bigger than the P wave?

A

Ventricular myocardial muscle has greater mass

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5
Q

The first downward portion of the QRS complex corresponds to what electrical activity?

A

Septal depolarization

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6
Q

The first upward portion of the QRS complex corresponds to what electrical activity?

A

Left ventricle depolarization

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7
Q

The second downward portion of the QRS corresponds to what electrical activity?

A

Right ventricle depolarization

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8
Q

The second upward portion of the QRS corresponds to what electrical activity?

A

Return to baseline

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9
Q

What electrical event occurs when ventricular contraction finishes?

A

None

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10
Q

What is happening during the refractory period?

A

Depolarization can not occur while ion channels are balancing potassium and calcium

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11
Q

What is happening during ventricular relaxation? What wave does this correspond to?

A

Ventricular repolarization

T

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12
Q

Changes to the T wave are often due to

A

Ventricular tissue not being able to repolarize or relax correctly

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13
Q

Why is atrial repolarization/relaxation not shown on the EKG waveform?

A

It is usually swallowed up in the QRS complex

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14
Q

The SA node paces the heart at what rate? What is its height and width?

A

60-100 bpm
Height - 2.5 mm
Width - .11 sec

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15
Q

First half of the P wave is ______ depol while the second half is ______ depol

A

Right atrium

Left atrium

16
Q

Slow conduction through the AV node is carried by

A

Calcium ion channels

17
Q

The AV node responds to ______ from the sympathetic nerves and ______ from the vagus nerve

A

Stimulation

Inhibition

18
Q

The PR interval measures? How many seconds does it last?

A

Beginning of atrial contraction to ventricular contraction

.12-.20 sec

19
Q

Upon reaching the ventricular conducting system, depolarization is

A

Rapid

20
Q

How long is the QRS complex?

A

.12 sec

21
Q

What does a very wide or deep Q wave indicate?

A

MI that involves full depth of the myocardium and has left a scar

22
Q

Physical contraction and pull back of the heart from the electrode during contraction

A

S wave - any neg deflection after R wave

23
Q

Displacement of the ST segment indicates

A

Damage to the cardiac muscle or strain on ventricles

24
Q

How long does the ST segment last?

A

0.08 sec

25
Q

Electrolyte imbalances will be reflected on the

A

T wave

26
Q

What is the height of the T wave?

A

One to two thirds of the corresponding R

27
Q

Repolarization is accomplished by ________ leaving the myocytes

A

Potassium

28
Q

What does the QT segment represent?

A

The entire systolic cycle

Begins with QRS until the end of T wave

29
Q

How long does the QT segment last?

A

.4 sec

30
Q

Ventricular contraction stands

A

Depol and repol of the ventricles

31
Q

Each small division is

A

1 mm

Each large division is 5 mm

32
Q

Vertically, each small block is

A

0.1 mV

33
Q

0.2 seconds is representative of the

A

Horizontal measurement of a large block

So each small block is 0.04 sec

34
Q

Three distinct characteristics of a wave?

A

Duration
Amplitude
Characteristics (oh)

35
Q

Septal

A

V4, V5

36
Q

Anterior

A

V1, V2

37
Q

Lateral

A

I, aVL, V5, V6

38
Q

Inferior

A

II, III, aVF

Cardiac Electrophysiology (5 decks)

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