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Cardiac Electrophysiology > 01 - Cardiac Phys and EKG > Flashcards

01 - Cardiac Phys and EKG Flashcards

0
Q

EKG is the recording of the hearts

A

Electrical activity

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1
Q

The heart has electrical activity known as

A

Action potentials

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2
Q

The heart acts as a _____ that generates electrical currents that can be measured on the

A

Pump

Skin surface

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation is a ____ resistance and pressure system

A

Low

25/10 mmHg

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4
Q

Systemic circulation is a ____ resistance and pressure system

A

High

120/80 mmHg

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5
Q

Review charts

A

Do that

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6
Q

Three types of cardiac cells

A

Pacemaker - electrical power source
Electrical conducting - hard wiring
Myocardial - contractile machinery

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7
Q

At rest, the Vm of pacemaker cells is

A

Constant

Both the inside and outside of the cell are at constant potential

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8
Q

How big is a cardiac pacemaker cell?

A

5-10 um

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9
Q

During an action potential, Vm of a pacemaker cell is

A

Not constant
Current is flowing
Inside and outside are not constant

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10
Q

An action potential propagating away from the positive EKG lead produces what kind of signal?

A

Negative

AP produces positive signal when propagating toward positive lead

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11
Q

Rapid depolarization correlates to

A

Sodium influx

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12
Q

At the plateau, there is calcium

A

Influx

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13
Q

During repolarization, there is a

A

Potassium EFFLUX

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14
Q

What are the pacemakers of the heart?

A

SA and AV node

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15
Q

Which is the dominant pacemaker of the heart? What is it’s rate of impulse?

A

SA node

60-100 bum

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16
Q

How big are myocardial cells?

A

50-100 um

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17
Q

The magnitude and polarity of an EKG signal depends on

A

Depolarizing or repolarizing

Position and orientation of electrodes

18
Q

When depolarization begins, it generates a ______ deflection

A

Positive

The EKG returns to baseline when the pos and neg charges are balanced

19
Q

The negative deflection is formed when the wave of polarization

A

Recedes from the electrode

The fully depolarized cell causes the ECG to return to baseline

20
Q

The effects of repolarization are similar to that of depolarization except that the charges are

A

Reversed

21
Q

The placement of bipolar limb leads on the three lead EKG is known as

A

Einthoven Triangle

22
Q

Augmented voltage leads (aV) utilize one bipolar limb electrode as _____, and the other two as a _______ negative lead

A

Positive

Combined

23
Q

Describe the unipolar limb leads: aVR aVL aVF

A

aVR - right arm positive, left arm and leg negative
aVL- left arm positive, right arm and left leg negative
aVF - left foot positive, arms negative

24
Q

Lead II yields the most information about

A

Ischemia in the left ventricle and septum; arrhythmias in the right atrium

25
Q

Position of lead I

A

0

26
Q

Position of lead II

A

60

27
Q

Position of lead III

A

120

28
Q

Position of aVL

A

-30

29
Q

Position of aVR

A

-150

30
Q

Position of aVF

A

90

31
Q

The chest leads v1-v6 (precordial) are positioned in successive steps at

A

Right margin of the sternum to the left edge of the thorax

32
Q

If v1 through v6 are imagined to be spokes of wheel, their horizontal plane cuts the body into

A

Top and bottom halves

Oh ok

33
Q

This lead produces a mostly negative deflection

A

V1

34
Q

This lead describes a straight line directly from the patients back through the anterior aspect of the chest

A

V2

35
Q

What is the common wall shared by the right and left ventricles? What runs through this wall?

A

Interventricular septum

Right and left bundle branches

36
Q

Which leads best describe conduction abnormalities of the bundle branches?

A

V3 and V4

37
Q

What are leads V5 and V6 referred to as?

A

Left chest leads

They are oriented along the left axiliary lines

38
Q

This six limb leads can be modified limb leads represented by which four trunk leads?

A

V1-V4

So that all leads can be placed on the trunk of the body

39
Q

Six clinical uses of the EKG?

A

Detection of arrhythmias and cardiac abnormalities
Indication of myocardial damage
Detection of electrolyte disturbances
Screening tool for diagnosis of ischemic disease
Can indicate anatomic and physiological state of the heart
Diagnose some noncardiac pathology

40
Q

Depolarization moves from the linings (endocardium) of the ventricular cavity _______ to the epicardial surface of the ventricle

A

Outward

41
Q

The only conducting path between the atrium and ventricle is?

A

AV node

42
Q

When depolarization reaches the myocardial cell, calcium released causes the cell to contract. What is this process called?

A

Excitation contraction coupling

Cardiac Electrophysiology (5 decks)

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