02. 1865-1915 - Activists, reformers and campaigners (right to vote)

Question 1

Question

Answer 1

Answer

Question 2

What did many Americans still believe in when it came to men and women?

Answer 2

That they had ‘separate spheres’ of responsibility

Question 3

Was social campaigning considered socially acceptable?

Answer 3

Yes – for (some) intelligent married middle class women it was considered a sensible outlet for their energies

Question 4

What did Jane Addams establish in 1889?

Answer 4

Hull House in Chicago - a social centre to support the settlement of new immigrants

Question 5

What did Jane Addams and her fellow workers campaign for during the late 19th c.?

Answer 5

Social issues - particularly slum housing (and its associated evils)

Question 6

What was the Temperance movement?

Answer 6

A movement advocating the moderation of alcohol

Question 7

What was the aim of those pushing for ‘prohibition’?

Answer 7

The outright ban on alcohol

Question 8

Why did women generally support the Temperance movement?

Answer 8

It was thought male drunkenness damaged family life

Question 9

What was the 1873 Women’s Crusade?

Answer 9

The first mass movement of US women – demanding the prohibition of the sale of alcohol

Question 10

When was the Women’s Crusade launched?

Answer 10

1873

Question 11

What was the key pressure group related to the Temperance movement?

Answer 11

The Women’s Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU)

Question 12

In what way did women have some success relating to alcohol in Ohio in 1873?

Answer 12

They took to the streets and forced the closing of saloons and liquor outlets

Question 13

What was the National Consumers’ League (NCL)?

Answer 13

A group which campaigned for the rights of women in the work place

Question 14

Who established the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?

Answer 14

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton

Question 15

How many branches of the WCTU existed by 1900?

Answer 15

7,000

Question 16

Who was the National Consumers’ League (NCL) associated with?

Answer 16

The workers of Hull House in Chicago

Question 17

When was the National Consumers’ League established?

Answer 17

1899

Question 18

What was the main black women’s group during this period (1865-1914)?

Answer 18

The National Association of Colored People (NACW)

Question 19

When was the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) established?

Answer 19

1896

Question 20

How many members did the NACW have by 1915?

Answer 20

50,000

Question 21

Did the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) focus on the same issues as the Women’s Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU)?

Answer 21

No - the NACW also focused on issues like basic civil rights and lynching (notably via the work of Ida B. Wells)

Question 22

When did the campaign for women’s rights formally begin?

Answer 22

In 1848 at Seneca Falls, New York State

Question 23

What did Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton found at Seneca Falls in 1848?

Answer 23

The Women’s Rights Convention

Question 24

Why did the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments split the women’s movement?

Answer 24

Some women pledged to support African American men getting the vote – others opposed the 15A as they wanted a constitutional amendment giving women the vote.

Question 25

What did Lucy Stone found in 1869?

Answer 25

The American Women’s Suffrage Association (AWSA)

Question 26

What did the American Women Suffrage Association (AWSA) campaign for?

Answer 26

Just the vote (thus its aims were narrower than the National Women’s Suffrage Association)

Question 27

Who founded the National Women’s Suffrage Association (NWSA)?

Answer 27

Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

Question 28

When was the National Women’s Suffrage Association (NWSA) founded?

Answer 28

In 1869 (the same as the AWSA)

Question 29

What did the NWSA campaign for?

Answer 29

The vote – but also other reforms to make women equal members of society. The AWSA, by contrast, just focused on the vote.

Question 30

What happened to the women’s campaign groups in 1890?

Answer 30

They merged to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Question 31

How widespread was support for the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)?

Answer 31

It was limited. It only had 17,000 members in 1905 and 100,000 by 1915. This was half the number of women involved in the temperance/prohibition movement.

Question 32

How did Carrie Catt’s leadership of the NAWSA from 1900 change its focus?

Answer 32

Catt shifted to a moderate campaign of lobbying politicians, distributing leaflets, holding meetings etc. – and made some headway on a state by state basis.

Question 33

Under who did a more radical wing emerge in the years before the First World War?

Answer 33

Alice Paul - who in 1913 formed a breakaway organisation, the Congressional Union for Women’s Suffrage (later the National Women’s Party)

Question 34

In what way were Alice Paul (and the Congressional Union for Women’s Suffrage) more radical in their methods?

Answer 34

They organisation mass demonstrations and picketed the White House

Question 35

What happened to Alice Paul after she was locked up for voting in a presidential election?

Answer 35

She went on hunger strike

Question 36

Did the National Association of Women’s Suffrage Association achieve much by 1918?

Answer 36

The state by state approach had an impact: 20 states had given women the right to vote in STATE elections

Question 37

How did the war affect the campaign for the vote?

Answer 37

Women played an important role on the home front which won them support. President Wilson called for a constitutional amendment in 1918. In 1919, Congress approved the Nineteenth Amendment. It was ratified by enough states by 1920.

Question 38

When did women gain the right to vote in national elections?

Answer 38

In 1920

Question 39

Was the women’s suffrage movement a mass movement?

Answer 39

No – it was largely a white, middle class movement.