02 Flashcards
This is known collectively as the human genome
DNA
Large stretches of DNA in the human genome are transcribed but do not code for proteins and make up around 95% of the genome.
introns
The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called
transcription
by which RNA is used to produce proteins is called
translation
Each of these single strands acts as a template for a new strand of complementary DNA. As a result, each new cell has its own complete genome. This process is known as
DNA replication
Replication is controlled by the _______-_____ pairing of the bases in the template strand with incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and is directed by DNA polymerase enzymes
watson-crick
The resulting short strands are called
okazaki fragments
is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis
transcription
The pre-messenger RNA is then “edited” to produce the desired mRNA molecule in a process called
RNA splicing
what strand is used to generate the mRNA
template strand
called the sense strand
nontemplate strand
elongation process starts at?
3’ to 5’
where does transcription occur?
nucleus
has codons and anticodons
translation
AUG UGC AAG UCC GGA CAG
mRNA
UAC ACG UUC AGG CCU GUC
tRNA
which strand carries amino acids?
tRNA
where does translation occur?
cytoplasm
AUG
UAC
methionine
UGC
ACG
cystine
AAG
UUC
lysine
UCC
AGG
serine
GGA
CCU
glysine
CAG
GUC
glutamine
both mRNA and tRNA results to?
completed polypeptide chain
what is the start codon?
AUG
stop codons are?
UAA
UAG
UGA
unwinds the helix and separates the strands
helicase
anneals RNA primers
primase
copies each strand (once continuously on leading strand and Okazaki fragments on lagging strand)
polymerase III
replaces the primers with DNA nucleotides
polymerase I
seals everything up
ligase
