01

Question 1

cell division stages:

Answer 1

interphase
early prophase
late prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
interphase

Question 2

types of cell division

Answer 2

mitosis and meiosis

Question 3

only splits into two

Answer 3

mitosis

Question 4

splits into four

Answer 4

meiosis

Question 5

mitosis process:

Answer 5

prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 6

meiosis process:

Answer 6

prophase 1
metaphase 1
anaphase 1
telophase 1
prophase 2
metaphase 2
anaphase 2
telophase 2

Question 7

result either from errors
in DNA replication or from the
damaging effects of mutagens,
such as chemicals and radiation,
which react with DNA and change
the structures of individual
nucleotides

Answer 7

mutations

Question 8

is the highly condensed form of
DNA

Answer 8

chromosome

Question 9

when does chromosome shape into its familiar shape X?

Answer 9

metaphase

Question 10

humans have how many autosomal pairs?

Answer 10

22

Question 11

how many pairs of sex chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 11

1

Question 12

Study of chromosomes and chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 12

cytogenetics

Question 13

picture of an individual’s chromosomes in Metaphase, spread out on a slide

Answer 13

study karyotypes

Question 14

– More condensed
– Silenced genes (methylated)
– Gene poor (high AT content)
– Stains darker

Answer 14

heterochromatin

Question 15

– Less condensed
– Gene expressing
– Gene rich (higher GC content)
– Stains lighter

Answer 15

euchromatin

Question 16

– chromosome tips
– Repeats
– Act as sort of biological clock
– Being whittled down at each Mitosis

Answer 16

telomeres

Question 17

– middle
– Highly condensed
– Also repetitive sequence
– Region where spindle fibers attach
– Pulling chromatids apart during Mitosis

Answer 17

centromeres

Question 18

the smaller of the two arms
– p stands for petite

Answer 18

p arm

Question 19

the longer of the two arms

Answer 19

q arm

Question 20

chromosome parts:

Answer 20

heterochromatin
euchromatin
telomeres
centromeres
p arm
q arm

Question 21

4 types of chromosomes:

Answer 21

1. Telocentric
2. Acrocentric
3. Submetacentric
4. Metacentric

Question 22

no p arm; centromere is on end

Answer 22

telocentric

Question 23

no p arm; centromere is on end

Answer 23

acrocentric

Question 24

p arm just a little smaller than q arm;
centromere in middle

Answer 24

submetacentric

Question 25

p and q arms are exactly the same length; centromere in exact middle of chromosome

Answer 25

metacentric

Question 26

what chromosomes are not identical and can have different alleles of genes

Answer 26

homologous

Question 27

what are identical – Form as cells go through S phase (replication) – Attached to each other by centromere – Until Anaphase of Mitosis – Once separated each is again referred to as a chromosome

Answer 27

sister chromatids

Question 28

– Two q arms of two different chromosomes come together – Two p arms are lost entirely

Answer 28

robertsonian translocation

Question 29

– Two different chromosomes exchange parts – Since all parts are still present – often normal

Answer 29

reciprocal translocation

Question 30

types of translocations:

Answer 30

robertsonian and reciprocal

Question 31

one chromosome absent is called?

Answer 31

monosomy

Question 31

one chromosome extra is called?

Answer 31

trisomy

Question 32

When nondisjunction occurs in both themother and the father’s gametes Causing two copies of one chromosome to come only from one parent

Answer 32

uniparental disomy