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Physics The Good One > 02/06 Mechanics and Further Mechanics > Flashcards

02/06 Mechanics and Further Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

define weight

A

the force due to gravity pulling two objects together, N

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2
Q

what is g

A

the acceleration due to gravity

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3
Q

define normal contact force

A

a force perpendicular to a surface when two objects are in physical contact

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4
Q

define Tension

A

a force which can be due to compression or stretching of a material
it always comes in pairs.

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5
Q

how does Tension work due to stretching

A

the materials molecules are pulled apart and an attractive electromagnetic force between the molecules pulls them back together.

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6
Q

how does Tension work due to compression

A

the material molecules are pushed together and a net repulsive electromagnetic force tries to push them further apart.

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7
Q

define Friction

A

a force that acts against motion between two surfaces in contact

parallel to motion in the opposite direction.

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8
Q

What does the size of a frictional force depend on?

A
  • type of surface
  • how hard the surfaces are pressed together.
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9
Q

define the moment force

A

turning effect on an object. It is the product of the distance perpendicular to the force and the force applied.

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10
Q

moment of a force about a point (Nm) =

A

force (N) x perpendicular distance from the force (m)

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11
Q

what is a couple

A

two forces that are equal and opposite do not act along the same line meaning there is no resultant force but still a turning effect.

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12
Q

what is the principal of moments

A

when an object is in equilibrium the sum of clockwise moments about any point equals the sum of anticlockwise moments about the same point.

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13
Q

what is the centre of gravity

A

the point at which we can take its entire weight to act
THERE IS NO MOMENT DUE TO WEIGHT.

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14
Q

what is the centre of mass

A

the point at which we can take the entire mass to be concentrated.

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15
Q

what is a Stable object

A

the centre of mass and line of action lies between the object’s base/supports.

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16
Q

Define mass

A

the amount of matter something contains, kg

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17
Q

define Distance

A

how much ground an object has covered during its motion (scalar quantity).

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18
Q

define Displacement

A

how far out of place an object is and the overall change in the object’s position (vector quantity).

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19
Q

define speed

A

rate of change of distance.

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20
Q

define velocity

A

rate of change of displacement.

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21
Q

define Acceleration

A

rate of change of velocity.

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22
Q

what do straight lines on a displacement time graph represent

A

constant velocity (if flat the velocity = 0).

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23
Q

how to work out the instantaneous velocity from a dt graph

A

draw a tangent and find the gradient.

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24
Q

how to work out the distance of journey from a dt graph

A

the sum of the slope heights including the negative (i.e. the max displacement is the distance travelled unless it started at a negative distance away that’s added to the max displacement away.)

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25
Q

displacement of journey from a dt graph

A

sum of slope heights including negatives.

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26
Q

how to get the max acceleration from a dt graph

A

find the initial and final velocity at two points by finding the gradient; divide by the time between the two points to get acceleration.

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27
Q

what is the gradient of a vt graph

A

acceleration.

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28
Q

what is the area under a vt graph

A

distance/displacement depending on negatives.

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29
Q

when can suvat equations be used?

A

when an object moves with constant uniform acceleration.

30
Q

Suvat equation: X = X + XX

A

v = u + at.

31
Q

Suvat equation: X^n = X^n + nXX

A

v^2 = u^2 + 2as.

32
Q

Suvat equation: X = XX - nXX^n

A

s = ut - 1/2at^2.

33
Q

Suvat equation: X = n(X +X)X

A

s = 1/2(u + v)t.

34
Q

what is free fall

A

the only force acting on an object is gravity. Accelerate downwards at the same rate.

35
Q

what is the definition of terminal velocity

A

the highest attainable velocity of an object as it falls through a fluid; the drag = weight.

terminal velocity can be different speeds i.e. a skydiver will have two different terminal velocities depending on if the parachute is open.

36
Q

projectile motion

A

an object follows a parabolic path.

37
Q

approaching a projectile’s question

A

resolve the initial velocity into horizontal and vertical components; acceleration only acts on the vertical component and is g.

horizontal distance can be easily calculated using the equation s = vt

38
Q

define Momentum

A

a vector quantity that is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.

39
Q

momentum, p (kgm/s) =

A

mass(kg) x velocity(m/s).

40
Q

definition of impulse

A

the increase/decrease in momentum.

41
Q

change in momentum =

A

Force x time.

42
Q

what is the area under a force time curve

A

the total impulse acting and the total change in momentum produced.

43
Q

what is the principal of conservation of momentum

A

in a closed system, the total momentum is constant so the momentum before a collision is equal to the momentum afterwards.

44
Q

define recoil

A

the movement backwards due to conserved momentum.

45
Q

define work done

A

the energy transferred whenever a force moves an object over a distance; scalar quantity measured in joules.

46
Q

work done, w (J) =

A

force, F (N) * displacement in the direction of the force, s (m).

47
Q

if the force and displacement are not in the same direction when calculating work done:

A

resolve the force; W = Fcosx * s.

48
Q

define energy

A

the ability to do work.

49
Q

what is the definition of 1 joule

A

the work done when a force of 1N moves through a distance of 1m in the direction of the force.

50
Q

define power

A

rate of doing work.

51
Q

power, P (W) =

A

= work done, w(J) / time taken, t (s) = force, F (N) * velocity, v (m/s).

52
Q

define Kinetic energy

A

the energy an object has because of its motion.

53
Q

K.E (J) =

A

1/2 * m* v^2.

54
Q

define Potential energy

A

the energy stored in an object due to its position, state or shape; e.g. gravitational, chemical, elastic, electrical or nuclear.

55
Q

GPE =

A

mgh.

56
Q

Elastic potential energy =

A

= 1/2Fx = 1/2 kx^2.

57
Q

define constant velocity

A

no resultant force and no work is done.

58
Q

what is the principle of conservation of energy

A

energy can be transferred from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. The total amount of energy always remains the same.

59
Q

define efficiency

A

the proportion of energy that is usefully transferred is called the efficiency of the machine.

60
Q

efficiency =

A

useful out/total in.

61
Q

linking k.e. and momentum K.E. =

A

p^2 / 2m.

62
Q

define statics

A

objects in equilibrium.

63
Q

define dynamics

A

objects that are accelerating/decelerating.

64
Q

The resultant vector must be drawn where…

A

the bases of the other two vectors meet.

65
Q

Why is calculated momentum not always correct?

A

At high speeds mass increases and the equations are only valid for non-relativistic speeds.

66
Q

what is an elastic collision

A

100% of energy and momentum conserved.

67
Q

define impulse

A

the rate of change in momentum.

68
Q

what is newtons first law

A

an object will continue to move with uniform velocity unless acted upon by a resultant external force.

69
Q

what is newtons second law

A

the rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on it and will act in the same direction as that force.

70
Q

what is newtons third law

A

If object A exerts a force on object B then object B exerts an equal and opposite force back on A.

71
Q

conditions for a newtons third law pair

A

• forces must have the same magnitude
• forces act along the same line but in opposite directions
• forces act for/at the same time
• forces act on a different object
• forces are the same type.

Physics The Good One (16 decks)

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