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Derm > 01a: Intro > Flashcards

01a: Intro Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Circumscribed change in skin color with no elevation or depression (non-palpable) that’s under 1 cm in diameter.

A

Macule

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2
Q

Circumscribed change in skin color with no elevation or depression (non-palpable) that’s over 1 cm in diameter.

A

Patch

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3
Q

Vitiligo: characteristic skin changes/findings are referred to as (X)

A

X = patches

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4
Q

Circumscribed solid elevation or depression (palpable) in skin that’s under 1 cm in diameter. No visible fluid.

A

Papule

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5
Q

Papule is described as (X) in shape if it’s elevated with central divet/depression.

A

X= umbilicated

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6
Q

A broad papule or confluence of papules is referred to as (X).

A

X = plaque

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7
Q

Psoriasis: characteristic skin changes/findings are referred to as (X)

A

X = plaques

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8
Q

T/F: Plaques are usually flat-topped

A

True

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9
Q

Subset of (papules/plaques) involving swelling of skin that’s evanescent (disappears within hours) and is usually (X) in color.

A

Wheal;
May be papules or plaques (depending on size)
X = pink or pale red

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10
Q

A large (greater than 1 cm), dome-shaped papule is referred to as:

A

Nodule

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11
Q

Lipoma: characteristic skin changes/findings

A

Nodule

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12
Q

Fluid-filled epidermal elevation that’s under 1 cm in diameter.

A

Vesicle

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13
Q

Vesicles are filled with (serous/bloody) fluid.

A

Either (serous exudate or bloody)

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14
Q

HSV: characteristic skin changes/findings are referred to as (X).

A

X = vesicles

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15
Q

A large (greater than 1 cm), vesicle is referred to as:

A

Bulla

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16
Q

Epidermal elevation that’s under 1 cm in diameter and contains purulent material.

A

Pustule

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17
Q

(X) skin elevations are filled with (Y) and have inflammatory halo.

A 
X = pustule
Y = purulent material (typically necrotic inflammatory cells)
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18
Q

Deep necrotizing folliculitis with suppuration (usually greater than 1 cm and with overlying pustule)

A

Furuncle

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19
Q

25 yo comes in for routine exam. On her face, you notice a 2 cm area of erythema with circular crust formation. When asked, patient says she noticed it had
a white top and popped it yesterday. What is the likely skin finding?

A

Furuncle

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20
Q

Several furuncles may coalesce to form:

A

Carbuncle

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21
Q

Erythematous, warm, tender, fluctuant nodule containing (superficial/deep) (X).

A

Abscess
Deep (pus not visible, unlike furuncle);
X = purulent material

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22
Q

“Scaley/flakey” skin finding is due to:

A

Excess stratum corneum (outer skin layer)

23
Q

Horns may develop on skin as result of abnormal:

A

Differentiation of epidermis (holds onto, instead of sheds, stratum corneum)

24
Q

Hair follicle infundibulum that’s dilated and plugged by keratin and lipids.

A

Comedo

25
Q

Black versus white heads:

A

Black (open comedo): keratin/lipid contents oxidized and turn black
White (closed comedo)

26
Q

Hardened deposits that result when serum, blood, or purulent exudate dries on skin surface:

A

Crust

27
Q

Linear or punctate erosions that result from scratching

A

Excoriation

28
Q

Linear loss of continuity of skin’s surface/mucosa (due to excessive tension/decreased tissue elasticity)

A

Fissure

29
Q

Most common locations of fissues. Why?

A

Palms and soles (stratum corneum is thick and least expandable)

30
Q

Thickened skin with accentuated markings (resembles bark of tree).

A

Lichenification

31
Q

Lichenification is induced by:

A

Repeated rubbing of skin

32
Q

Atrophy of epidermis will appear as:

A

Glossy, more transparent/thin skin that’s wrinkled (easier to see vessels through)

33
Q

Atrophy of dermis will appear as:

A

Depression in skin

34
Q

Moist, circumscribed, depressed lesion that results from loss of partial thickness of epidermis.

A

Erosion

35
Q

T/F: Erosions tend to scar.

A

False

36
Q

Skin defect in which entire epidermis (and maybe part of dermis/subcutis) are breached/lost.

A

Ulcer

37
Q

Circumscribed, diffuse hardening of skin that results from dermal fibrosis

A

Sclerosis

38
Q

An “annular” lesion is described as:

A

Ring-shaped (edge differs from center)

39
Q

You inspect skin of patient who was referred to you for an “annular lesion” on his L arm. Looking closely, you realize the top of the lesion is not closed and it looks more like a crescent. This, then, is described as:

A

Arcuate (arc-shaped)

40
Q

Coalescing arcuate and/or annular lesions on skin are referred to as (X). Give an example of a disease in which you may see this finding.

A

X = polycyclic

Subacute cut lupus

41
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans will present with a skin finding that’s described as:

A

Serpiginous (snake-like; parasite under skin)

42
Q

Skin patches that are net-like, lacy, purplish are described as (X) and usually suggest vascular process as cause.

A

X = Reticular

43
Q

Coin-shaped skin lesion is described as (X)

A

X = nummular

44
Q

List the layers of the epidermis, from superficial to deep.

A

Mnemonic: Come Let’s Get Sun Burned

  1. Stratum Corneum
  2. Stratum Lucidum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Spinosum
  5. Stratum Basalis
45
Q

Cells with white halo that reside in stratum basalis of epidermis:

A

Melanocytes

46
Q

T/F: Langerhans cells reside in epidermis.

A

True

47
Q

T/F: Langerhans cells can’t be seen via light microscopy.

A

False - can be seen, but require special (CD1a) stain

48
Q

T/F: Melanocytes require special stain to be seen on light microscopy.

A

False

49
Q

List some cell types in epidermis that require staining to be visualized.

A
  1. Langerhans

2. Merkel cells

50
Q

Glomus cells are found in (X) skin layer. They surround (Y) and their size is regulated by (Z).

A 
X = dermis
Y = vascular structures
Z = temperature
51
Q

What are the “adnexae” of the skin?

A

“Appendages” (hair follicles, sebaceous glands, eccrine and apocrine glands)

52
Q

(X) glands in skin secrete contents into lumen. The cells appear to have “snouts”, which is due to:

A

X = apocrine

Budding/pinching off of cell to release contents in packaged form

53
Q

(X) glands in skin secrete contents into lumen, which appears smooth (no “snouting”).

A

X = Eccrine (release contents without budding)

54
Q

Thick, elastic tissue fibers in dermis are likely to be seen on which areas of skin?

A

Sun-exposed

Derm (5 decks)

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