01.2 Overview of Development of the Head and Neck

Question 1

What are the pharyngeal arches?

Answer 1

1,2,3,4,6 ridges that form in the lateral walls of the embryonic pharynx

Question 2

Are the pharyngeal pouches ectoderm or endoderm?

Answer 2

Endoderm

Question 3

Are the pharyngeal clefts (grooves) ectoderm or endoderm?

Answer 3

Ectoderm

Question 4

What do the anterior and posterior parts of the neural tube become?

Answer 4

Anterior = brain
Posterior = spinal cord

Question 5

What are the three parts of the brain?

Answer 5

Forebrain - Prosencephalon
Midbrain - Mesencephalon
Hindbrain - Rhombencephalon

Question 6

Which cranial nerves arise from each of the pharyngeal arches?

Answer 6

1 - CNV
2 - CNVII
3 - CNIX
4+6 - CNX

Question 7

Which arteries arise from each of the pharyngeal arches?

Answer 7

1 - Disappears
2 - Disappears
3 - Internal carotid
4 - Arch of aorta and R brachiocephalic
6 - Pulmonary arch

Question 8

Which arches do the muscles of facial expression and mastication come from?

Answer 8

Mastication - arch 1

Expression - arch 2

Question 9

What happens to the pharyngeal pouches?

Answer 9

1 - eustachian tube and middle ear
2 - palatine tonsil
3 - Parathyroid and thymus
4 - parathyroid and thyroid c cells

Question 10

What happens to the pharyngeal clefts?

Answer 10

1st cleft becomes outer ear

2nd arch grows over all other clefts