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CMSC 125 Operating Systems > 01 Introduction > Flashcards

01 Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Three OS Goals

A
  1. EASE in execution of programs and problem solving
  2. CONVENIENCE in using comp. system
  3. EFFICIENCE in using comp hardware
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2
Q

4 Components of a computer system

A

Hardware
OS
Applications
User

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3
Q

Computer system component which provides basic computing resource

A

Hardware

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4
Q

Computer system component which controls and coordinates use of hardware among applications and users

A

Operating system

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5
Q

Computer system component which define how resources are used to solve a problem

A

Application programs

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6
Q

OS Definition wherein it manages all resources

A

Resource alloator

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7
Q

OS definition wherein it controls execution of programs to prevent errors and encapsulates the system

A

Control program

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8
Q

The heart of the OS which is running at all times

A

Kernel

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9
Q

the _____ is loaded at power up or reboot which loads the OS kernel. This is typically stored in ROM or EPROM known as _____

A

Bootstrap program

Firmware

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10
Q

Flow of the computer system organization

A

CPU and device controllers connect thru common bus > provides access to shared memory > compete for memory cycles (concurrent)

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11
Q

Contains all the interrupt service routines

A

Interrupt vector

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12
Q

Software generated interrupt

A

Trap or exception

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13
Q

Request to OS to allow user to wait for IO completion

A

System Call

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14
Q

Contains entry for each IO device; indicating its type, address and state

A

Device status table

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15
Q

Volatile memory that the CPU can access

A

Main memory

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16
Q

Determine logical interaction between device and computer

A

Disk controller

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17
Q

Copy information into faster storage system

A

Caching

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18
Q

Provide uniform interface between controller and kernel

A

Device driver

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19
Q

Used for high speed IO devices to transmit information clos to memory speed

1 interrupt per block

A

Direct memory access

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20
Q

Also known as parallel systems or tightly coupled systems

A

Multiprocessors

21
Q

Advantages of parallel systems

A

Increased throughput
Economy of scale
Increase in reliability

22
Q

Type of parallel system wherein each processor is assigned to a special task

A

Assymetric multiprocessing

23
Q

Type of parallel systems wherein each processor performs all tasks

A

Symmetric multiprocessor

24
Q

It is multi’chip and multi’core

It contains multiple separate systems

A

Dual core

25
Q

Multiple systems working together

A

Clustered systems

26
Q

Sharing storage used by clustered systems

A

Storage area network

27
Q

High availability service of a cluster system wherein one machine is in standby mode

A

Asymmetric clustering

28
Q

High availability service of a cluster system wherein it has multiple nodes running apps and monitoring each other

A

Symmetric clustering

29
Q

What is HPC used by clustered systems

A

High performance computing

30
Q

For HPC, apps must be written to use ____

A

Parallelization

31
Q

Some clustered systems have this to avoid conflicting operations

A

Distributed lock manager

32
Q

An OS structure wherein CPU has idle times and a job is selected via _____

OS switched to another job while waiting

A

Multiprogramming

Batch system

33
Q

OS system structur wherein CPU switched jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job

A

Timesharing

Multitasking

34
Q

Several jobs are ready to run at the same time

A

CPU scheduling

35
Q

Allows execution of processes not completely in memory

A

Virtual memory

36
Q

OS operation which allows OS to protect itself and other system components

A

Dual mode

37
Q

These type of instructions are only executable in kernel mode

A

Privileged instructions

38
Q

Used to prevent infnite loop and hogging of resources

A

Timer

39
Q

Mode bit is ZERO

A

Kernel mode

40
Q

Mode bit is ONE

A

user

41
Q

Abstract physical properties to a logical storage unit

A

File

42
Q

Multiprocessor environment should have this tohave the most recent value in their cache

A

Cache coherency

43
Q

Overlapping of output of one job with input of another job

A

Spooling

44
Q

Mechanism to control access of processes or users to resources

A

Protecton

45
Q

Defense of system against internal and external attacks

A

Security

46
Q

Allows user to change effective ID with more rights

A

Privilege escalation

47
Q

Source CPU use different type from target type

A

Emulation

48
Q

Computing language is not compiled into native code

A

Interpretation

49
Q

run guest apps on native host OS

A

Virtualization

CMSC 125 Operating Systems (7 decks)

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