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CMS Wine Study > 01 Grape Growing > Flashcards

01 Grape Growing Flashcards

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1
Q

Macroclimate

A

Climate of an area like a wine region

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2
Q

Mesoclimate

A

climate of a vineyard

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3
Q

Microclimate

A

climate around a single vine

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4
Q

Wine growing range (deg)

A

30 (near equator)
50 (furhter from equator)

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5
Q

Styles of Climate

A

Continental
Maritime
Mediterranean
Tropical
Desert / Arid

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6
Q

Continental Climate

A
  • Area wihtin a large land mass
  • High seasonality: hot summers & cold winters
  • High diurnality: big range b/t day and night temps
  • Cooler nights enable slow grape ripening, which increases quality of grapes
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7
Q

Maritime Climate

A
  • Proximity to large body of water
  • Moderate temperatures: less diurnality & seasonality
  • Proximity to water can have more humidity & precipitation
  • Can have more vintage variation year-to-year
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8
Q

Mediterranean Climate

A
  • Hot & dry summers, except for those on costal areas
  • Warm temps overall
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9
Q

High Desert

A
  • Summers hot and dry
  • High diurnality
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10
Q

Climate factors & moderators

A
  • Sunshine hours (# sunshine hours)
  • Threats (Frost, Hail, Wind)
  • Bodies of Water (can warm or cool regions)
  • Rain sahdow effect
  • Altitude (temp decreases as elevation increases)
  • Diurnal Shifts
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11
Q

Topography feature: Gentle slopes

A

Can help with drainage

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12
Q

Topography feature: Steep hillsides

A
  • Better drainage of soil
  • Less fertile due to erosion
  • Lower chance of frost as cool air falls from upper slopes
  • Harder to maintain during growing season & to harvest
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13
Q

Topography feature: Valley Floor

A
  • Flat land is ariable via machine
  • Soil can be overly fertile
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14
Q

Topography feature: Aspect

A

Amount of sun based on how the slope is facing

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15
Q

Important properties of soil types

A
  • Water drainage / retention
  • Sun reflection
  • Nutriet content
  • Temperature regulation
  • Pest resistance
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16
Q

Soil: Gravel

A
  • Warms up faster & stays warm
  • Good for drainage
17
Q

Soil: Clay

A
  • Cooler
  • Retains water
18
Q

Grapes: Pinot Noir

A
  • Thrive in cool or moderate climates
  • Planted in hot climates, will get burned
19
Q

Grape components: Pulp

A
  • Water
  • Sugar (increases as ripen)
  • Acids (decrease as ripen - sour is flavor of acid)
  • Seeds / pips (give bitter flavors)
20
Q

Grape components: Skins

A
  • Tannins (bitter, can help wine age)
  • Color
  • Flavor
21
Q

Vineyard architecture

A
  • Vine spacing (compete vs. spread out)
  • Vine training
  • Vineyard orientation
  • Aspect - degree & direction of vineyard slope
  • Terracing
22
Q

Vineyard mangement

A
  • Canopy management (shade or expose leaves to determine air flow)
  • Green harvest
  • Irrigation
  • Managing pests & disease (fertilizers, pruning, anti-fungal treatments)
23
Q

Implications of cool climate

A
  • Grapes ripen slowly & moderately
  • Less sugar produced
  • Acidity remains high
  • Less alcohol potential
  • Flavors are more tart & lean, less ripe & juicy
  • Wine feels linear on palate
24
Q

Implications of warm climate

A
  • Grapes ripen fully
  • More sugar is produced
  • Acidity is lower
  • Higher alcohol potential
  • Flavors are mroe ripe, lush & juicy
  • Wine feels lush and round on the palate
25
Q

Green Harvest

A
  • Crop thinning method
  • Cut unripe grape bunches off before vine harvest to decrease yeilds
  • Allow vine to focus on fewer, higher quality bunches
26
Q

Phylloxera

A
  • Vine louse
  • Destroyed 1/3 of vines in late 1800s
27
Q

Considerations in grape ripeness

A
  • Sugar ripeness
  • Physiological ripeness (inc. seed / stem ripeness)
  • Tannin ripeness
28
Q

Considerations in Harvest

A
  • Time of picking
  • # of vineyard passes
  • Method of harvest
29
Q

Rain Shadow

A
  • Dry area on one sid eof a mountain opposite the wind, rain, and poor weather
  • Examples: Alsace, Rioja, Washington State
30
Q

Benefits of wind on vineyard

A
  • Dries to prevent disease
  • Can warm vineyard
  • Can cool vineyard

CMS Wine Study (15 decks)

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