01-Chapter Flashcards
● With respect to (coll.)
○ Used to introduce a new subject or to return to one mentioned in the past
○ With respect to your question, I do not agree with social appraisal.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to you with respect to an issue I had with my delivery. (regarding/about/concerning)
● Appraisal (n.)
○ A statement or opinion judging the worth, value, or condition of something
○ The report has been subject to appraisal.
● Self-image (n.)
○ You know what? I’m so cool. (wrong idea of self-image)
○ The idea one has of one’s abilities, appearance, and personality
● Attribute (n.)
○ A quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something
○ Honesty is an attribute of a good citizen.
○ Attribute (v.) = to acknowledge or give credit for something
■ I attribute my success to my wife.
● Consistent with (adj.)
○ If a fact, idea, etc. is consistent with another one, it seems to match it
○ Her injuries are consistent with having fallen from the building.
○ The results of my recent experiment were consistent with the previous results.
● Notion (n.)
○ Conception or belief about something (i.e. conception, idea, belief)
○ The notion of happiness is very subjective and personal.
○ I only have a vague notion of the project content.
● Discrete (adj.)
○ Clearly separate or different in shape or form (i.e. unique)
○ This small company now has their own discrete identity.
○ Discreet (adj.) - careful not to cause any embarrassment, quiet, secret
● Profound (adj.)
○ Of a state, quality, or emotion very great or intense
○ Please accept my profound regret and apologies.
○ The death of my father had a profound impact on me
● Explicitly (adv.)
○ Clearly or directly so that the meaning is easy to understand
○ The Canadian government explicitly said that the outbreak will have ended two days later.
● Seek out (v.)
○ To search hard for and find a specific person or thing (seek = search/look for, come upon, discover, hunt for)
○ I’m trying to seek out the best way to study at this difficult moment.
● Aspiration (n.)
○ Something that you hope to achieve (i.e. goal, aim, hope, dream, target)
○ It is important to encourage children’s dreams and aspirations
● Entity (n.)
○ That which has distinct existence as an individual unit
○ The local autonomous entity has agreed to follow the decision of the government as well. (local autonomous entity = local government)
● Draw on (phr. v.)
○ Refer to, use; to use a supply of something that is available to you
○ As a manager, I am able to draw on my experiences as a teacher to communicate with other people.
○ I have to draw on my savings to buy a bike to be able to exercise.
● Underlying (adj.)
○ Refers to something lying underneath/under something else; or the basic root cause of something
○ A layer of minerals in the soil is an example of underlying minerals.
○ One of the underlying causes of his heart attack was his high blood pressure.
● Differentiate (v.)
○ To tell or notice the difference between two things
○ For some people, it is difficult to differentiate Type I diabetes and Type II diabetes.
● Outcome (n.)
○ The consequence or result of something
○ The outcome of the TOEFL test can determine whether or not I advance to Pathway 3.
- A range of
Definition: a set of different things, a variety
Collocation/adjective
- Appraisal
Definition: a judgment or evaluation of the worth or value of something Noun: appraisal, appraiser Verb: appraise Adjective: appraised, appraisable Adverb: appraisingly
- Aspirations
Definition: something that you hope to achieve, hope, dream, goal, target, a strong desire, ambition Noun: aspiration Verb: aspire (to + base) Adjective: aspirational, aspiring She is an aspiring actress. Adverb: -
- Consistent
Definition: in a similar way, stable, not self-contradictory, standard, (thickness)
Noun: consistency
Verb: (consist = contain)
My breakfast consists of eggs, bacon, and fruit.
Adjective: consistent
Adverb: consistently
- Consistent with
Definition: a fact or idea that seems to match another one
Collocation
- Context
Definition: the circumstances the form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed Noun: contextualization, context Verb: contextualize Adjective: contextual Adverb: contextually
- Correlation
Definition: a relationship between two things
Noun: correlation
Verb: correlate
Adjective: correlative
Adverb: -
positive correlation, negative, causation
- Different
Definition: unlike something or someone else
Noun: difference, differentiation
Verb: differ, differentiate
Differentiate = notice the difference between two things
Differ = to be different
Some people can’t differentiate tangerines and clementine.
Apple and Samsung differ in terms of their origin, design, and software.
Adjective: different
Adverb: differently
- Enhance
Definition: to raise to a higher, improve Noun: enhancement Verb: enhance Adjective: enhancive, enhanced Adverb: enhancingly
- Foster
Definition: to look after for a period of time; to bring up a child that is not one’s own; to encourage, promote, or grow
Noun: fosterage
Verb: foster
Adjective: fostered, fosterable, foster
Adverb: -
Foster children, foster parent, orphan, orphanage, foster cat
Foster an appreciation for nature = encourage an interest for nature
- Heritage
Definition: a property that is or may be inherited; an inheritance; values, object, and qualities such as cultural traditions and historical buildings that have been passed on from previous generations Noun: heritage, inheritance Verb: inherit Adjective: (heritable) Adverb: (heritably)
- Independent
Definition: something that is not dependent on something else; free from outside control; self-reliant Noun: independence Verb: - Adjective: independent Adverb: independently
- Internal
Definition: on or inside of something Noun: internality Verb: internalize Adjective: internal Adverb: internally It’s not healthy to internalize your emotions. Antonym: external
- Obligation
Definition: a moral or legal duty to do something
Noun: obligation
Verb: obligate / oblige (to)
Adjective: obligatory, obligational, obligative
Adverb: obligatorily
During COVID, people are obligated/obliged to wash their hands constantly.
- Pace
Definition: the speed at which someone or something moves or with which something happens or changes
Noun: pace
Verb: pace
Adjective: paced
Adverb: -
When you’re eating your food, you have to be sure to pace yourself. (don’t rush)
- Profound
- Profound
Definition: penetrating or interring deeply into subject, thought, or knowledge; very great or intense Noun: profundity, profoundness Verb: - Adjective: profound Adverb: profoundly
- Synthesizing
Definition: the production of a substance from simple material (usually in chemistry); make something by combining different things or different substances
Noun: synthesis
Verb: synthesize
Adjective: synthesizing, synthetic, synthesized
Adverb: synthetically
During a brainstorm, you have to synthesize your ideas.
- Strong
Definition: having the power to move heavy weight or perform other physically demanding task (require a lot of physical effort); intense/powerful Noun: strength Verb: strengthen Adjective: strong Adverb: strongly
- Seek (out)
Definition: to look for; to search for Noun: seeking, seeker (We are seekers of knowledge.) Verb: seek, sought (past form) Adjective: - Adverb: -
- Underlying
Definition: hidden; basic; to lay under or beneath; to provide with something laid underneath; raise or support with some laid underneath Noun: - Verb: underlie Adjective: underlying Adverb: -
- Flaws
Definition: a mistake or fault; a feature that mars the effect of something Noun: flaw Verb: - Adjective: flawless; flawed Adverb: flawlessly
- With respect to
Definition: concerning or related to; about; used to introduce a new subject
- Enthusiastic
Definition: feeling or showing a lot of excitement or interest about somebody or something; eager Noun: enthusiasm Verb: enthuse Adjective: enthusiastic Adverb: enthusiastically
- Propose
Definition: suggest something as a plan or a course of action; to ask someone to marry you Noun: proposal Verb: propose Adjective: proposed, proposable Adverb: - Accept a proposal; reject a proposal
- Mindset
Definition: a person’s general attitude towards something; life philosophy Noun: mindset Verb: - Adjective: - Adverb: -
mind (n.) = your brain
mind (v.) = When you’re crossing the street, you must mind the traffic. (be aware of)
Mind the gap
Adam: I’m sorry, David. I’m going to be late today.
David: That’s all right. I don’t mind. (I don’t care; it’s not problem)
I don’t mind if it rains today because I have to stay inside anyway.
