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Buddhism, Taoism and Zen > 01 Buddhism - General > Flashcards

01 Buddhism - General Flashcards

1
Q

What was the name of the original Buddha?

A

Siddartha Gautama

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2
Q

What is the literal meaning of the word Bhudda?

A

Budh means “to awaken”. Bhudda means “Awakened One”

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3
Q

What are the Three Marks of Existence (or Three Universal Truths)

A

The fundamental characteristics of life, to see things as they really are - Anicca, Anatta and Dukkha (Impermanence, Non-Self and Suffering)

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4
Q

What is Anatta?

A

Insubstantiality, non-self, substanceless

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5
Q

What is Anicca?

A

Impermanence

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6
Q

What is Dukkha?

A

Suffering or being unsatisfied

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7
Q

What is the Dharma?

A

The Buddha’s teachings

The word dharma comes from the Sanskrit root word dhri, which means “to hold,” “to maintain,” or “to preserve.” In the early Vedas and other ancient Hindu texts, dharma referred to the cosmic law that created the ordered universe from chaos

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8
Q

What does Nirvana literally mean?

A

Blowing out

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9
Q

What are the Four Noble Truths?

A

1) All life is suffering
2) The origin of suffering is craving
3) The cessation of suffering
4) The way that leads to the cessation of suffering (via the Noble Eightfold Path)

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10
Q

What is The Middle Way?

A

A balanced life between indulgence and asceticism

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11
Q

What are the Ten Acts of the Buddha?

A

1) Conception
2) Physical birth
3) Accomplishment in worldly skills
4) youth: pleasure and indulgence
5) Leaving the palace
6) Life as an ascetic
7) Victory over Mara
8) Enlightenment
9) Spreading the teaching
10) Death

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12
Q

What did Siddhartha see on each of his four trips?

A

An old man, a sick man, a funeral procession and a wandering ascetic

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13
Q

What did the Queen dream about before Siddhartha’s birth?

A

A white elephant came down and entered her womb

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14
Q

What does ‘Siddhartha’ mean?

A

He who achieves his aim or he who has found meaning

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15
Q

What did Siddhartha practice when he was an ascetic?

A

Yoga, meditation and mortification. Mortification involves fasting, holding your breath, staying out in the burning sun and holding your head in icy water.

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16
Q

Why did Siddhartha abandon asceticism?

A

His mind and body grew weak and he realised only meditation would lead to enlightenment

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17
Q

What type of tree did Siddhartha attain enlightenment under?

A

A Bodhi tree

18
Q

Why did Mara want to prevent Siddhartha’s enlightenment?

A

Enlightenment would free Siddhartha from samsara (death)

19
Q

What is Theravada Buddhism?

A

‘The way of the elders’, or ‘lesser vehicle’. The only school of Buddhism that uses only the Pali Canon.

20
Q

What is Nirvana/nibbana?

A

A condition where desires and cravings are extinguished

21
Q

What is monasticism?

A

Following a simple life dedicated to the Dharma and living in small groups (the Sangha)

22
Q

Why is it significant that the Buddha was a human and not a god?

A

It shows that anyone can achieve enlightenment with discipline and dedication

23
Q

What are the five main Precepts?

A 
Not killing
Not stealing
Not misusing sex
Not lying
Not abusing intoxicants
24
Q

What are the Three Poisons?

A

Greed, Hatred and Ignorance (symbolised as Rooster, Snake and Pig)

25
Q

Three Poisons - What is Greed?

A

Attachment to things outside ourselves to gain happiness and our selfishness in grasping these things - we are never satisfied

26
Q

Three Poisons - Hatred

A

Avoidance of unpleasant people, experiences and feelings, and our refusal to confront and manage these things

27
Q

Three Poisons - Ignorance

A

Misunderstanding of the true nature of the world, our inability to understand to root causes of suffering and our insistence on seeking happiness

28
Q

What is Karma?

A

Actions have consequences. It is not a form of reward and punishment but simply the concept that certain types of thoughts and actions have inevitable consequences.

‘Karma is often likened to a seed… and action is thus like a seed which will sooner or later, as part of the natural maturation process, result in certain fruits accruing to the doer of the action’

29
Q

What is a Bodhisattva?

A

A person who aims to reach enlightenment or Buddhahood in order to save all beings out of compassion (karuna)

30
Q

What is Mahayana Buddhism?

A

‘The greater vehicle’. Common in China, Japan and Tibet. They believe in bodhisattvas rather than arhats and are less concerned with the exact teachings of the historical Buddha and more with the whole notion of enlightenment.

31
Q

What is the Noble Eightfold Path?

A

The Buddhist life is governed by a set of ethical and practical principles known as the Noble Eightfold Path.

Right understanding
Right thought
Right speech
Right action
Right livelihood
Right effort
Right mindfulness
Right concentration
32
Q

Eightfold Path - Right action

A

Involves taking the precepts and attempting to live by then; closely linked to right thought. An action can only be right if it is intended to be right.

33
Q

Eightfold Path - Right concentration

A

Refers to proper use of meditation to gain insight into the nature of things

34
Q

Eightfold Path - Right effort

A

Great commitment and effort is required on the path to enlightenment. Greed, hatred and ignorance are very difficult to overcome.

35
Q

Eightfold Path - Right livelihood

A

There should be no occupation that brings harm to others. As well as avoiding certain types of work, Buddhists also try to set up businesses that work on ethical principles.

36
Q

Eightfold Path - Right mindfulness

A

Buddhists try to live in a state of mindfulness at all times. This means having an awareness of the consequences of thoughts, speech and actions, and to think, speak and act skillfully.

37
Q

Eightfold Path - Right speech

A

If our minds are pure our speech will be pure. Buddhists try to be very aware of the consequences of things they say because everything is connected and all actions have consequences.

38
Q

Eightfold Path - Right thought

A

In Buddhism, not only actions but also thinking has karmic results. If in our minds, we are hating or desiring, that will inevitably affect our actions in a negative way.

39
Q

Eightfold Path - Right understanding

A

Understanding the Buddhist doctrines of impermanence and no-self and understanding the truth about the way things really are. It may take lifetimes to perfect.

40
Q

Eightfold Path - The three sections of the Eightfold Path’s aspects

A

Wisdom (panna), morality (sila) and meditation (samadhi)

Buddhism, Taoism and Zen (5 decks)

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