01 Air Law Review the Basics Flashcards
Air Laws
Transport Canada is the Government authority
They are made under the authority of the aeronautic act
Air Laws
Transport Canada is the Government authority
They are made under the authority of the aeronautic act
CARs Sections
- General Provisions
- AC Id and registrations and operation of a leased ac by a non registered owner
- Aerodrome and airports
- Personnel licensing and training
- Air Worthiness
- General Operating and Flight Rules
- Commercial Air Services
- Air Navigation Services
- Repeals and Coming into Force
CARs Sections
- General Provisions
- AC Id and registrations and operation of a leased ac by a non registered owner
- Aerodrome and airports
- Personnel licensing and training
- Air Worthiness
- General Operating and Flight Rules
- Commercial Air Services
- Air Navigation Services
- Repeals and Coming into Force
103.02 Inspection of Aircraft/Documents You (pilot licensee or registered owner of an AC) have to produce your documentation when asked by: • Peace Officer • Immigration Officer • The Minister (a rep of TC)
103.02 Inspection of Aircraft/Documents You (pilot licensee or registered owner of an AC) have to produce your documentation when asked by: • Peace Officer • Immigration Officer • The Minister (a rep of TC)
103.03 Return of Documents
if a document is suspended or cancelled your shall return it immediately after the effective date
103.03 Return of Documents
if a document is suspended or cancelled your shall return it immediately after the effective date
103.04 Record Keeping (can be electronic)
Computer info shall be kept and protected against:
• Loss
• Destruction
• Tampering
If requested by the minister you must produce it promptly
103.04 Record Keeping (can be electronic)
Computer info shall be kept and protected against:
• Loss
• Destruction
• Tampering
If requested by the minister you must produce it promptly
Definition of “Principal”
It is an Air Operator who is employed on a full or part time basis that exercises control as owner over the operation:
• Chief Pilot
• Operations Manager
• Maintenance control person
• Owner
• Accountable executive appointed by the air operator (required when:)
o Flight training operator certificate (flight school operator)
o Approved maintenance organization
o Air operator certificate (Air Taxi or Airline)
Definition of “Principal”
It is an Air Operator who is employed on a full or part time basis that exercises control as owner over the operation:
• Chief Pilot
• Operations Manager
• Maintenance control person
• Owner
• Accountable executive appointed by the air operator (required when:)
o Flight training operator certificate (flight school operator)
o Approved maintenance organization
o Air operator certificate (Air Taxi or Airline)
Accountable Executive shall:
• Be responsible for operations or activities authorized under the certificate and accountable on their behalf for meeting the requirements of the regulations
• Notify the minister of who is appointed
• Ensure that the AE informs the Minister in 30 days that they accept
• Control of financial and human resources required for operations
• Still responsible
• If a certificate holder has more than one certificate. Only one AE shall be appointed to be responsible for the operations or activities authorized under the certificates. 1 company:3 certificates = 1 AE
Accountable Executive shall:
• Be responsible for operations or activities authorized under the certificate and accountable on their behalf for meeting the requirements of the regulations
• Notify the minister of who is appointed
• Ensure that the AE informs the Minister in 30 days that they accept
• Control of financial and human resources required for operations
• Still responsible
• If a certificate holder has more than one certificate. Only one AE shall be appointed to be responsible for the operations or activities authorized under the certificates. 1 company:3 certificates = 1 AE
Safety Management System (SMS)
If you are the holder of an Approved Maintenance Org or Air Operator Certificate you need to establish and adhere to the SMS. Usually the SMS is in the separate binder.
Included in the SMS:
• Safety policy
• Setting goals for the improvement of aviation safety and achieving goals
• Identify hazards to aviation safety and evaluate and manage the risks
• Ensure personnel is trained and competent to perform their duties
• Internal reporting and analyzing of hazards, incidents and accidents and make sure they don’t happen
• Document containing all SMS processes and make sure personnel is aware of their responsibilities
• Conduct periodic reviews or audits of the SMS and review
The SMS shall correspond to the:
• Size of the company
• Nature of the company
• Complexity of operations, activities, hazards and risks associated with the ops of the holder of a certificate
Safety Management System (SMS)
If you are the holder of an Approved Maintenance Org or Air Operator Certificate you need to establish and adhere to the SMS. Usually the SMS is in the separate binder.
Included in the SMS:
• Safety policy
• Setting goals for the improvement of aviation safety and achieving goals
• Identify hazards to aviation safety and evaluate and manage the risks
• Ensure personnel is trained and competent to perform their duties
• Internal reporting and analyzing of hazards, incidents and accidents and make sure they don’t happen
• Document containing all SMS processes and make sure personnel is aware of their responsibilities
• Conduct periodic reviews or audits of the SMS and review
The SMS shall correspond to the:
• Size of the company
• Nature of the company
• Complexity of operations, activities, hazards and risks associated with the ops of the holder of a certificate
202.01 Aircraft marks
• The airplane must have marks visible and displayed
• If foreign state AC, it must comply with their laws
• If you want a plane with no marks or different, you have to write to the minister. Usually Airshow, motion picture, tv, etc
202.01 Aircraft marks
• The airplane must have marks visible and displayed
• If foreign state AC, it must comply with their laws
• If you want a plane with no marks or different, you have to write to the minister. Usually Airshow, motion picture, tv, etc
202.26 Certificate of Registration on board
Must be on board the aircraft
202.26 Certificate of Registration on board
Must be on board the aircraft
202.35 Transfer of Legal custody and control
• when transferring, the CoR is cancelled
• The person who transferred the aircraft must notify the minister not later than 7 days after the transfer (in writing)
• An owner has legal custody and control of a CDN Aircraft when the owner has complete responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the aircraft
202.35 Transfer of Legal custody and control
• when transferring, the CoR is cancelled
• The person who transferred the aircraft must notify the minister not later than 7 days after the transfer (in writing)
• An owner has legal custody and control of a CDN Aircraft when the owner has complete responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the aircraft
203.03 Operation of a leased Aircraft by a non registered owner
You need:
• The lessor and lessee each hold a Canadian operator certificate
• The lessee is qualified to be the registered owner of a CDN aircraft
• Maintenance control system and maintenance schedule approved by the minister
• Crew members of the aircraft are employed by the lessee
• Registered owner informs the minister in writing no later than 7 days after the term of the lease commences
203.03 Operation of a leased Aircraft by a non registered owner
You need:
• The lessor and lessee each hold a Canadian operator certificate
• The lessee is qualified to be the registered owner of a CDN aircraft
• Maintenance control system and maintenance schedule approved by the minister
• Crew members of the aircraft are employed by the lessee
• Registered owner informs the minister in writing no later than 7 days after the term of the lease commences
Aerodrome:
• Any area of land or water that is designed for the arrival departure movement and servicing of aircraft
• If they are in the CFS they are registered
Aerodrome:
• Any area of land or water that is designed for the arrival departure movement and servicing of aircraft
• If they are in the CFS they are registered
Airport
• Certified aerodrome
• Inspected and maintained to TC requirements
• Status advertised through the CFS, Canada Air Pilot, NOTAM and voice advisory as applicable
Airport
• Certified aerodrome
• Inspected and maintained to TC requirements
• Status advertised through the CFS, Canada Air Pilot, NOTAM and voice advisory as applicable
Manoeuvring area
• Intended for taxxing taking of and landing (runways and taxiways)
Manoeuvring area
• Intended for taxxing taking of and landing (runways and taxiways)
Apron
• Area intended for loading of cargo passengers refueiling and parking
Apron
• Area intended for loading of cargo passengers refueiling and parking
Manoeuvring area + Apron = Movement Area
• Parts of the aerodrome used for the surface movement of aircrafts
• Prohibited for persons to walk, stand, drive or park any vehicle or cause obstruction of aircraft movement at an airport without permission from ATC, FSS or operator of the airport
• No person may allow any animal in their care to run at large within the boundaries of an airport
Manoeuvring area + Apron = Movement Area
• Parts of the aerodrome used for the surface movement of aircrafts
• Prohibited for persons to walk, stand, drive or park any vehicle or cause obstruction of aircraft movement at an airport without permission from ATC, FSS or operator of the airport
• No person may allow any animal in their care to run at large within the boundaries of an airport
Runways and Numbering
• Magnetic bearing only in southern domestic airspace
• True track in northern domestic airspace
Runways and Numbering
• Magnetic bearing only in southern domestic airspace
• True track in northern domestic airspace
Runway Markers
• Unpaved runway must be marked with pyramid or cone shaped markers that are:
◦ Evenly Spaced
◦ visible from both the ground and the air
◦ not more than 300ft apart
◦ Each side of the runway
◦ airport have white and aerodorme markers
◦ aerodrome will have solid orange
Runway Markers
• Unpaved runway must be marked with pyramid or cone shaped markers that are:
◦ Evenly Spaced
◦ visible from both the ground and the air
◦ not more than 300ft apart
◦ Each side of the runway
◦ airport have white and aerodorme markers
◦ aerodrome will have solid orange
Runway markings
• Displaced threshold marked by a line accross the runway with arrowheads pointing to it
◦ Can be used for taxiing, rollout and takeoff roll or landing from the opposite direction
◦ DOES NOT MEET STANDARD OBSTACLE CLEARANCE FOR INSTRUMENT APPROACH. Land at this point at pilot discretion
• Pre Threshold or stopways are designed to prevent aircraft abandoning take off or overrunning
◦ Marked with yellow chevron
◦ Not available for taxiing take off roll or landing roll out
◦ Paved but non load bearing
Runway markings
• Displaced threshold marked by a line accross the runway with arrowheads pointing to it
◦ Can be used for taxiing, rollout and takeoff roll or landing from the opposite direction
◦ DOES NOT MEET STANDARD OBSTACLE CLEARANCE FOR INSTRUMENT APPROACH. Land at this point at pilot discretion
• Pre Threshold or stopways are designed to prevent aircraft abandoning take off or overrunning
◦ Marked with yellow chevron
◦ Not available for taxiing take off roll or landing roll out
◦ Paved but non load bearing
Taxiways
• Yellow line down their center
Taxiways
• Yellow line down their center
Holding short
• Should hold 200 ft from the edge of the runway if there is no hold short line
• also 200 ft from the edge of the intersecting runway during sequential and simultaneous operations at a controlled airport (IE: hold short clearance on landing)
Holding short
• Should hold 200 ft from the edge of the runway if there is no hold short line
• also 200 ft from the edge of the intersecting runway during sequential and simultaneous operations at a controlled airport (IE: hold short clearance on landing)
Unless you have been given a clearance to cross, you must hold short.
Unless you have been given a clearance to cross, you must hold short.
Double dashed and solid lines means that its a runway with an instrument approach.
After landing you can cross the solid line and hold on the solid line side until getting the clearance from ground to taxi
Double dashed and solid lines means that its a runway with an instrument approach.
After landing you can cross the solid line and hold on the solid line side until getting the clearance from ground to taxi
Closed markings:
• Large white cross (X) on the runway and yellow crosses at each end of the taxiway indicates it is unserviceable
• At night they will be red
• Unserviceable movement areas, other than runways and taxiways may be indicated by:
◦ Marker boards
◦ cones or red flags
◦ flag or marker near the centre of the area
◦ red flags are used when portion is small enough for it to be bypassed by aircraft without affecting safety
• Wind socks must be removed for permanent closures
Closed markings:
• Large white cross (X) on the runway and yellow crosses at each end of the taxiway indicates it is unserviceable
• At night they will be red
• Unserviceable movement areas, other than runways and taxiways may be indicated by:
◦ Marker boards
◦ cones or red flags
◦ flag or marker near the centre of the area
◦ red flags are used when portion is small enough for it to be bypassed by aircraft without affecting safety
• Wind socks must be removed for permanent closures
Windsock
• Will fly horizontal at 15 kt or more
• 10 kt will hang 5 degrees below horizontal
• 6 kt will hand 30 degrees below horizontal
• Runway greater than 4000 ft requires a windsock at each end
• where the win direction can be determined by other means, its not required (Radio, smoke, air, etc)
Windsock
• Will fly horizontal at 15 kt or more
• 10 kt will hang 5 degrees below horizontal
• 6 kt will hand 30 degrees below horizontal
• Runway greater than 4000 ft requires a windsock at each end
• where the win direction can be determined by other means, its not required (Radio, smoke, air, etc)
Aerodrome lighting:
• Night operation runways are indictaed by 2 parrallel rows of white lights or retroflective markers visible at least 2 miles in all directions
• Each line of lights is not less than 1377 ft in length and contains no fewer than 8 lights or markers
• Lights above must be spaced at the same distance and not more than 60m
• Runway threshold is green from the front but red from the back
• Taixways are blue
• ARCAL: key the mic and remain on 15 minutes
◦ You can restart the sequence by keying the mic
◦ Type J: 5 times within 5 seconds
◦ Type K: 7 times initially turn all ights to max intensity
▪ It can be adjusted by keing the mic 7-5-3 times within 5 seconds
Aerodrome lighting:
• Night operation runways are indictaed by 2 parrallel rows of white lights or retroflective markers visible at least 2 miles in all directions
• Each line of lights is not less than 1377 ft in length and contains no fewer than 8 lights or markers
• Lights above must be spaced at the same distance and not more than 60m
• Runway threshold is green from the front but red from the back
• Taixways are blue
• ARCAL: key the mic and remain on 15 minutes
◦ You can restart the sequence by keying the mic
◦ Type J: 5 times within 5 seconds
◦ Type K: 7 times initially turn all ights to max intensity
▪ It can be adjusted by keing the mic 7-5-3 times within 5 seconds
Standard Circuit:
• 1000 feet AGL left turns
• CFS will say if otherwise
Standard Circuit:
• 1000 feet AGL left turns
• CFS will say if otherwise
Overflying an aerodrome:
• Unless otherwise authorized by the ATC or for taking off or landing, an aircraft SHALL NOT be flown over an aerodrome at less than 2000 ft AGL
• If it is necessary for an aircraft to cross the aerodrome before joining the circuit to check the winds and traffic it is recommended to crossover at at least 500 ft above the circuit altitude
Overflying an aerodrome:
• Unless otherwise authorized by the ATC or for taking off or landing, an aircraft SHALL NOT be flown over an aerodrome at less than 2000 ft AGL
• If it is necessary for an aircraft to cross the aerodrome before joining the circuit to check the winds and traffic it is recommended to crossover at at least 500 ft above the circuit altitude
Best practices:
• If you tow or park an aircraft on an active area at night, make sure there is lighting on wingtip, tail and anti collision lights or lantern
Best practices:
• If you tow or park an aircraft on an active area at night, make sure there is lighting on wingtip, tail and anti collision lights or lantern
Fire Prevention:
• No smoke or flame:
◦ on an apron
◦ aircraft loading bridge
◦ Gallery or balcony that is contiguous or overhangs an apron
◦ in a place where it could cause danger to person or property
Fire Prevention:
• No smoke or flame:
◦ on an apron
◦ aircraft loading bridge
◦ Gallery or balcony that is contiguous or overhangs an apron
◦ in a place where it could cause danger to person or property
Runway Surface condition (RSC) found in NOTAMs (if available, usually at controlled airports)
• Frost, snow, slush or ice on a runway
• Snow banks, drifts or windrows on or adjacent to a runway
• Sand, aggregate material, anti-icing or de-icing chemicals are applied to the runway
• Cleared runway width falls below the published width
• Runway lights are obscured or partially obscured by contaminants
• Significant change in runway surface conditions including a return to bare and dry conditions
• Required minimum frequency
Runway Surface condition (RSC) found in NOTAMs (if available, usually at controlled airports)
• Frost, snow, slush or ice on a runway
• Snow banks, drifts or windrows on or adjacent to a runway
• Sand, aggregate material, anti-icing or de-icing chemicals are applied to the runway
• Cleared runway width falls below the published width
• Runway lights are obscured or partially obscured by contaminants
• Significant change in runway surface conditions including a return to bare and dry conditions
• Required minimum frequency
Canadian Runway Friction Index (CRFI):
If available, it will be published with the RSC
• Reported when
◦ Ice or frost on the runway
◦ Wet ice on the runway
◦ Slush over ice on the runway
◦ Sand, aggregate material, anti-icing or de-icing chemicals are applied to the runway
◦ Chemical solution on the ice on the runway
◦ compacted snow on the runway
◦ dry snow not exceeding 2.5 cm on the runway
Canadian Runway Friction Index (CRFI):
If available, it will be published with the RSC
• Reported when
◦ Ice or frost on the runway
◦ Wet ice on the runway
◦ Slush over ice on the runway
◦ Sand, aggregate material, anti-icing or de-icing chemicals are applied to the runway
◦ Chemical solution on the ice on the runway
◦ compacted snow on the runway
◦ dry snow not exceeding 2.5 cm on the runway
Flight crew permit/license/rating
• You must produce the appropriate license, permit or rating to exercise them
• valid medical certificate of the appropriate category must be carried
Flight crew permit/license/rating
• You must produce the appropriate license, permit or rating to exercise them
• valid medical certificate of the appropriate category must be carried
Recency Requirements:
• no person should exercise the privileges of license, rating or permit unless they acted as PIC or Co-Pilot in the previous 5 years
◦ Otherwise within 12 months preceding a flight the pilot must complete a flight review with a flight instructor and have passed the PSTAR exam again
• Wihtin 24 months preceding the flight you must complete a recurrent training program
• any of the following:
◦ Flight review with an instructor
◦ attend a safety seminar conducted by TC
◦ Participate in a TC approved recurrent training program
◦ Complete the self paced study program
◦ Complete a traiing program or PPC
◦ Complete the requirements for the issuance or renewal of a license permit or rating
◦ Complete the written exam for a license permiet or rating
Recency Requirements:
• no person should exercise the privileges of license, rating or permit unless they acted as PIC or Co-Pilot in the previous 5 years
◦ Otherwise within 12 months preceding a flight the pilot must complete a flight review with a flight instructor and have passed the PSTAR exam again
• Wihtin 24 months preceding the flight you must complete a recurrent training program
• any of the following:
◦ Flight review with an instructor
◦ attend a safety seminar conducted by TC
◦ Participate in a TC approved recurrent training program
◦ Complete the self paced study program
◦ Complete a traiing program or PPC
◦ Complete the requirements for the issuance or renewal of a license permit or rating
◦ Complete the written exam for a license permiet or rating
• To carry passengers during the day or night 5 takeoffs and landing during the last 6 months (for the day, the take off and landings can be done at night)
• To carry passengers during the day or night 5 takeoffs and landing during the last 6 months (for the day, the take off and landings can be done at night)
• To carry passengers during commercial operations during the day 3 takeoffs and landings during the day or at night within the last 90 days. (for the day, the take off and landings can be done at night)
• To carry passengers during commercial operations during the day 3 takeoffs and landings during the day or at night within the last 90 days. (for the day, the take off and landings can be done at night)
• In order to exercise the privileges of an instrument rating, you must complete an instrument flight test, or an instrument proficiency check in an aircraft or aproved flight training device within the previous 24 month
• In order to exercise the privileges of an instrument rating, you must complete an instrument flight test, or an instrument proficiency check in an aircraft or aproved flight training device within the previous 24 month
• (6-6-6 rule) After the first 12 months, the pilot must complete 6 hours of instrument time including 6 approaches to minimums in the past 6 months, to be able to use the privileges of an instrument rating.
• (6-6-6 rule) After the first 12 months, the pilot must complete 6 hours of instrument time including 6 approaches to minimums in the past 6 months, to be able to use the privileges of an instrument rating.
Personal log: • You have to mainain a log • Must include ◦ Date of flight ◦ AC type and registrations ◦ Flight crew position ◦ Flight conditions (VFR, IFR, Day, Night) ◦ Point of departure and arrival ◦ Flight time
Personal log: • You have to mainain a log • Must include ◦ Date of flight ◦ AC type and registrations ◦ Flight crew position ◦ Flight conditions (VFR, IFR, Day, Night) ◦ Point of departure and arrival ◦ Flight time
Co pilot flight time
The minister will credit the flight time acquired by a copilot toward the issuance of a higher license to 100% of the ATPL requirements
Co pilot flight time
The minister will credit the flight time acquired by a copilot toward the issuance of a higher license to 100% of the ATPL requirements
CPL/ATPL privileges – aeroplane
• CPL holder may exercise privileges of PPL and VFR OTT, PIC of single pilot aeroplane and SIC of an aeroplane that requires 2 pilots
• Holder of an ATPL may exercise the privileges of a PPL and CPL
• Holder of a ATPL and group 1 IFR may act as PIC or co-pilot of an aeroplane that requires 2 pilots
• ATPL whose IFR lapses may exercise CPL privileges
CPL/ATPL privileges – aeroplane
• CPL holder may exercise privileges of PPL and VFR OTT, PIC of single pilot aeroplane and SIC of an aeroplane that requires 2 pilots
• Holder of an ATPL may exercise the privileges of a PPL and CPL
• Holder of a ATPL and group 1 IFR may act as PIC or co-pilot of an aeroplane that requires 2 pilots
• ATPL whose IFR lapses may exercise CPL privileges
2 Officer rating
The minister will endorse a CPL or ATPL with a second officer rating if the applicant meets the requirements in the CARs
2 Officer privileges:
• A person with a 2O rating may act as a second officer in any aircraft that the rating applies to
• They may also act as 2O for the purpose of their own training or competency checks
• 2O may also act as a flight engineer
• 2O that supervises other 2O may conduct training and competency checks
2 Officer rating
The minister will endorse a CPL or ATPL with a second officer rating if the applicant meets the requirements in the CARs
2 Officer privileges:
• A person with a 2O rating may act as a second officer in any aircraft that the rating applies to
• They may also act as 2O for the purpose of their own training or competency checks
• 2O may also act as a flight engineer
• 2O that supervises other 2O may conduct training and competency checks
Medical Requirements:
• You must hold a valid medical
• The applicant shall be tested on a pure tone audiometer at the initial exam for Cat1 medical and at the first medical exam after age 55 unless done within preceding 60 months
Medical Requirements:
• You must hold a valid medical
• The applicant shall be tested on a pure tone audiometer at the initial exam for Cat1 medical and at the first medical exam after age 55 unless done within preceding 60 months
Medical Issue/Validity/Renewal
• A medical certificate can be issued or renewed if the person meets the medical requirements for that MC
• The start of the validity period commences on the first day of the following month of the exam date or the date the medical declaration was signed by the applicant
• For a cat1 medical, an ECG is required at the initial exam when under 30, within 24 months preceding the exam age 30-40, within 12 months preceding the exam when over 40
Medical Issue/Validity/Renewal
• A medical certificate can be issued or renewed if the person meets the medical requirements for that MC
• The start of the validity period commences on the first day of the following month of the exam date or the date the medical declaration was signed by the applicant
• For a cat1 medical, an ECG is required at the initial exam when under 30, within 24 months preceding the exam age 30-40, within 12 months preceding the exam when over 40
Medical:
PPL:
60 months under 40
24 months 40 or older
CPL/ATPL:
12 months under 40
12 months over 40*
*The validity period of a medical certificate (12 months) for a CPL and ATPL is reduced to 6 months if the holder of the license is:
• 40 years of age or older and is engaged in a single pilot air transport service carrying passengers
• 60 years of age or older
This means that flying commercially 2 crew with or without passengers and single crew with NO passengers the piltos medical for 40 and older is 12 months
Single crew the medical is 6 months with passengers (higher standard for safety of passengers)
Medical:
PPL:
60 months under 40
24 months 40 or older
CPL/ATPL:
12 months under 40
12 months over 40*
*The validity period of a medical certificate (12 months) for a CPL and ATPL is reduced to 6 months if the holder of the license is:
• 40 years of age or older and is engaged in a single pilot air transport service carrying passengers
• 60 years of age or older
This means that flying commercially 2 crew with or without passengers and single crew with NO passengers the piltos medical for 40 and older is 12 months
Single crew the medical is 6 months with passengers (higher standard for safety of passengers)
Prohibition of privileges
• Cant exercise license permit or rating if you are suffering from illness, injury or disability unless authorized in writing by the Minister
• Cant exercise privileges if you take drugs, have received medical treatment, have entered the 30th week of pregnancy or prior to 6 weeks after giving birth authorized in writing by the Minister
Prohibition of privileges
• Cant exercise license permit or rating if you are suffering from illness, injury or disability unless authorized in writing by the Minister
• Cant exercise privileges if you take drugs, have received medical treatment, have entered the 30th week of pregnancy or prior to 6 weeks after giving birth authorized in writing by the Minister
Class A:
• High level airspace
• IFR Only
• Clearance req
• 3 Class A in Canada
◦ Southern Control Area (SCA) in the SDA 18 000 feet to FL600
◦ NCA in northern domestic airspace FL230 to FL600
◦ Arctic Control Area (ACA) in the NDA from FL270 to FL600
• Pilot must be IFR Rated and the Aircraft must be IFR certified
• Functioning mode C transponder and a pressure sensitive altimeter are also required
Class A:
• High level airspace
• IFR Only
• Clearance req
• 3 Class A in Canada
◦ Southern Control Area (SCA) in the SDA 18 000 feet to FL600
◦ NCA in northern domestic airspace FL230 to FL600
◦ Arctic Control Area (ACA) in the NDA from FL270 to FL600
• Pilot must be IFR Rated and the Aircraft must be IFR certified
• Functioning mode C transponder and a pressure sensitive altimeter are also required
