01 Flashcards
described as the process of defining future policies,
goals, investments, and designs to prepare for future transportation needs.
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
SEVERAL FOCU AREAS OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
- LAND USE PLANNING
- TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
- PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
described as the application of
technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation, and
management of facilities for any mode of transportation.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
SEVERAL KEY COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
- TRAFFIC FLOW
- GEOMETRIC DESIGN
- TRANSPORTATION SAFETY
SEVEN BASIC ELEMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
- SITUATION DEFINITION
- PROBLEM DEFINITION
- SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS
- ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE
- EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES
- CHOICE OF PROJECT
- SPECIFICATION AND CONSTRUCTION
The first step in the planning process.
involves all of the
activities required to understand the situation that gave rise to the perceived need for
a transportation improvement.
, the basic factors that created the
present situation are described, and the scope of the system to be studied is
delineated.
SITUATION DEFINITION
The purpose of this step is to describe the problem in terms of the objectives to be
accomplished by the project and to translate those objectives into criteria that can
be quantified.
PROBLEM DEFINITION
statements of purpose, such as to reduce traffic
congestion; to improve safety; to maximize net highway-user benefits; and to reduce
noise.
OBJECTIVES
measures of effectiveness that can be used to quantify the
extent to which a proposed transportation project will achieve the stated objectives.
CRITERIA
consideration is given to a variety of ideas,
designs, locations, and system configurations that might provide solutions to the
problem.
the brainstorming stage, in which many options may be proposed for
later testing and evaluation.
SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS
This phase also includes preliminary feasibility studies, which
might narrow the range of choices to those that appear most promising. Some data
gathering, field testing, and cost estimating may be necessary at this stage to
determine the practicality and financial feasibility of the alternatives being proposed.
SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS
to estimate how each of the proposed
alternatives would perform under present and future conditions. The criteria identified
in the previous steps are calculated for each transportation option. Included in this
step is a determination of the investment cost of building the transportation project,
as well as annual costs for maintenance and operation.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS/ ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE
to determine how well each alternative will
achieve the objectives of the project as defined by the criteria. The performance
data produced in the analysis phase are used to compute the benefits and costs that
will result if the project is selected. In cases where the results cannot be reduced to a
single monetary value, a weighted ranking for each alternative might be produced
and compared with other proposed projects
EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES
calculated to show the
extent to which the project would be a sound investment. Other economic tests might
also be applied, including the net present worth of benefits and costs.
BENEFIT COST RATIO
made after considering all the factors involved.
CHOICE OF PROJECT
Once the transportation project has been selected, the project moves into a detailed
design phase in which each of the components of the facility is specified
SPECIFICATION AND CONSTRUCTION
involves its physical location, geometric dimensions, and
structural configuration
TRANSPORTATION FACILITY
produced that can be used by contractors
to estimate the cost of building the project. When a construction firm is selected, these
plans will be the basis on which the project will be built.
DESIGN PLANS
