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Question 1

Systemic Administration (definition)

Answer 1

The entire body is exposed to the drug, generally AFTER the drug reaches the circulatory system.

Question 2

Categories of Systemic administration

Answer 2

1- Enteral administration
2- Parenteral Administration

Question 3

Difference between enteral and parenteral administration?

Answer 3

Enteral adm : via GI
BUT
Parenteral: not via GIA

Question 4

Examples of Enteral administration ?

Answer 4

1- Oral
2- Sublingual
3- Buccal
4- Rectal

Question 5

Examples of parenteral administration ?

Answer 5

1- Intravenous (IV)
2- subcutaneous (SC)
3- Intramuscular (IM)
4- Surgical implants
5- Transdermal patches

Question 6

Pros and cons of Parenteral administration?

Answer 6

(+) No hepatic first pass effect

(-) other absorption barriers

Question 7

How do intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), and intramuscular (IM) routes differ?

Answer 7

• Intravenous (IV): Administers the drug directly into the general circulation.
• Subcutaneous (SC) and Intramuscular (IM): Create a depot of drug at the iinjection site (under the skin or in the muscle).

Question 8

What are the considerations for subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM) routes?

Answer 8

_No first pass effect.
_Reduced Absorption (drug degradation before reaching circulation).

Question 9

What is local administration?

Answer 9

Local administration involves delivering the drug directly to its site of action (e.g., lotions, nasal sprays, eye drops, inhalers).

Question 10

What are the advantages of local administration?

Answer 10

Restricts the drug site of action to a specific tissue or organ, minimizing systemic exposure and adverse events.

Question 11

What is the key consideration for local administration?

Answer 11

Even locally administered drugs may reach the systemic circulation to some extent.

Question 12

What are the key pharmacokinetic parameters associated with drug administration?

Answer 12

1- Clearance
2- Volume of distribution
3- Half-life
4- Bioavaibility

Question 13

What is Clearance (CL)?

Answer 13

The rate at which a drug is removed from the body.

Question 14

What is Volume of Distribution?

Answer 14

The extent to which a drug is distributed throughout the body.

Question 15

What is Half-life?

Answer 15

The time it takes for the drug’s plasma concentration to reduce by half. Driven by the drug’s clearance and volume of distribution.

Question 16

What is Bioavailability?

Answer 16

The extent to which a drug reaches the systemic circulation. Important for all non-IV injection routes. IV-administered drugs are 100% bioavailable