01/10 Flashcards
self concept
an understanding and assessment of who they are (their self-esteem is HOW they FEEL about who they are)
pretend play
also known as imaginative play or make-believe, is a type of play where children use their imagination to create scenarios and act out different roles and events.
2 1/2 years
parallel play
when children play next to other children but do not try to influence others. At a playground, they may play beside a friend, focused on their play and oblivious to their friend’s behaviors. s
2 1/2 years
infancy
to 1 year
trust and mistrust
if needs are dependently met, infants develop a sense of basic trust
toddlerhood
1-3 years old
autonomy and shame and doubt
toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they will doubt their abilities.
preschool
3-6 years old
initiative and guilt
preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent
elementary school
6 years to puberty
competence and inferiority
children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent
adolescence
teen years to 20s
identity and role confusion
teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are
imaginary audience
a psychological concept that refers to the belief during adolescence that others are constantly observing and judging one’s appearance, behavior, and actions, even when they actually aren’t. this is a form of adolescence egocentrism
identity
our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
social identity
the “we” aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to “Who am I?” that comes from our group memberships. (often forms around an individual’s distinctiveness)
diffusion
beginning of the search for identity; they don’t have a clear commitment to a particular identity and perhaps little sense of who they are
foreclosure
a premature commitment to an identity with little exploration (“I’m a jock”)
moratorium
teens actively seek a meaningful identity
moratorium
teens actively seek a meaningful identity
achievement
a committed sense of self and a desire to accomplish something personally meaningful that contributes to the world beyond oneself
young adulthood
20s to early 40s
intimacy and isolation
learn to form close relationships and gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated
middle adulthood
40s to 60s
generativity and stagnation
middle-aged aged people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family or work, or they feel a lack of purpose
late adulthood
late 60s and older
integrity and despair
reflecting on their loves, older adults may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure
