[001] Organisational patterns of limbs

Question 1

what is the basic limb structure

Answer 1

three components
1. stylopod (humerus, femur)
- single, most proximal element

2. zeugopod (radius/ ulna, tibia/fibula)
   - double, middle element
3. auto pod (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges / tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges)
   - multiple elements, most distal

Question 2

what is the anatomical position

Answer 2

palms and toes facing forward

Question 3

pattern of adult dorsal/ ventral muscle group distribution

for upper limb

Answer 3

in anatomical position,
for upper limb:
anterior muscles are from ventral muscle groups (eg shoulder flexors, elbow flexors, wrist and finger flexors)
posterior view, mainly dorsal muscles (eg shoulder extensors, elbow extensor, wrist and finger extensors)

Question 4

pattern of adult dorsal/ ventral muscle group distribution

for lower limb

Answer 4

in anatomical position,

Question 4

pattern of adult dorsal/ ventral muscle group distribution

for lower limb

Answer 4

in anatomical position,

Question 5

what are the demo-myotomes of upper limb innervated by?

Answer 5

anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-T1

Question 6

what are the dermo-myotomes of lower limb innervated by?

Answer 6

anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-S3/4

Question 7

what is a nerve plexus

Answer 7

a plexus mixes and redistributes fibres from spinal nerves to form peripheral nerves

nerve fibres from different spinal nerve levels travelling towards the same area are ‘bundled together’ into peripheral nerves

Question 8

what is the pattern of lymphatics in the upper limb

Answer 8

distal limb contains deep and superficial lymphatic vessels

major lymph node groups are found in axilla towards which all of the upper limb drains

Question 9

what is the pattern of lymphatics in lower limb

Answer 9

distal limb contains deep and superficial lymphatic vessels

major lymph node groups are:
found in axilla towards which all of upper limb drains

Question 9

what is the pattern of lymphatics in lower limb

Answer 9

distal limb contains deep and superficial lymphatic vessels

major lymph node groups are:
superficial and deep inguinal nodes,
–> both of which drain to the external iliac nodes

Question 10

what is the thumb innervated by

Answer 10

C6

Question 11

what is the middle three digits on the hand innervated by

Answer 11

C7 (can test on index finger)

Question 12

what is the pinkie finger innervated by

Answer 12

C8