001 Flashcards
Refers to breeding, rearing, and harvesting of animals
and plants in all types of water environments including ponds,
rivers, lakes, and the ocean.
Aquaculture
According to RA 8550, this refers to all activities
relating to the act of business of fishing, culturing,
preserving, processing, marketing, developing,
conserving and managing aquatic resources and the
fishery area including the privilege to fish or take
aquatic resources thereof. (RA 8550)
Fisheries
Shares the same definition with the term aquaculture across different
references. Therefore, it is a direct synonym of aquaculture and can be used
interchangeably with each other.
Aquafarming
Also known as fish farming, This is a branch of aquaculture that focuses specifically on the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of fish.
Pisciculture
A method of growing plants without soil, using water as the primary medium to supply
nutrients to the plants.
Hydroculture
A specialized branch of aquaculture that involves the cultivation of marine organisms in
the ocean, coastal areas, or other saltwater environments.
Mariculture
Objectives of
Aquaculture
- Production of human food.
- Providing new species and strengthening stocks of
existing fish - Production of ornamental fish
- Effective utilization of aquatic and land resource
- Recycling of organic waste of human and livestock
- Providing means of livelihood
- Support to recreational
fishing - Production of bait fish
The Zhou Dynasty of the ancient Chinese civilization first described the earliest recorded aquaculture
practice. Particularly, they described farming carp (a fish that symbolizes good luck and fortune) for food
consumption.
China (2500 BCE)
During the reign of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Li (whose name meant carp) forbade farming the fish that
bore his name. Thus, farmers turned their attention to cultivating similar fish in the Cyprinidae family and
developed the first form of polyculture.
China (600 BCE)
Romans who loved sea fish and oysters, created oyster farms and adopted the Assyrian vivarium, where
fish and crustaceans caught in lagoons were kept alive until it was time to eat the.
Europe (500 BCE)
During the Middle Ages, aquaculture practices, particularly in Europe, began to develop and become more
structured, although they were still relatively rudimentary compared to modern standards.
Monasteries played a crucial role in the development of aquaculture during the Middle Ages. Monks,
particularly in Western Europe, managed fish ponds as part of their self-sufficient communities.
Europe (476 to 1000 CE)
Mussel farming was invented in France. The technique remained unchanged until the 1960s
Europe (13th Century)
- Century of rapid industrialization in many parts of the world
- One particular innovation that helped advance the field of aquaculture is the science of artificial breeding.
Although it was discovered in Germany many years before, it wasn’t until this century that anyone paid
much attention to it. - Another milestone that was achieved was the growth of salmon farming and other commercially valuable
species in Europe and North America due to the development of modern hatchery systems to support fish stocking. - Lastly, In the late 1950s, the invention of artificial granulated food revolutionized fish farming, which until
then had relied on products from agriculture and livestock farming (raw meat, for example), to feed the fish.
19th Century
During this Century, aquaculture became the solution to the growing problem of overfishing around the
world.
As a result, intensive aquaculture practices were pioneered in Japan and Scandinavia. Early Recirculating
Aquaculture Systems (RAS) were also introduced along with other technological and biological advancements.
20th Century
Common carp Cyrpinus carpio from Hong Kong was introduced to the Philippines.
1915
Oyster farming began when an oyster farm was established in Negros
Occidental where the broadcast method of culture was employed.
1931
Seaweed (Caulerpa lentillifera) was the first species to be commercially cultivated in brackish
water fishponds in Mactan Island.
1950
Mussel farming began when BFAR setup demonstration mussel farm in Binakayan, Cavite
1955
Milkfish farming expanded to include culture in bamboo and net pens set in Laguna de Bay the country’s largest freshwater lake.
1970
Eucheuma farming intensified when Tambalang a mutant cultivar, which
could double itself in volume every 20 days was discovered.
1973
Black tiger shrimp were exported to Japan as trial shipment.
1975
Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was introduced and boosted the
commercial production by the development of technologies for its
breeding in floating net enclosures and in floating cages.
1980
Shrimp boomed in production when wealthy families in Negros Province had seen it as a more profitable alternative than in sugar production.
Mid 1980s
This is a landmark year for tilapia production. A program to develop an improved strain of tilapia for low cost sustainable aquaculture began and resulted in the production of Genetically
Improved Farmed Tilapias or GIFT
Mid 1988s
Milkfish culture fish pens spread to shallow marine bays and estuaries, particularly in the Lingayen
Gulf area.
1990
Shrimp became a top marine product export from the Philippines,
earning at a peak of approximately 300 000 000 US dollars.
1992
Currently, the focus in the development of aquaculture
systems globally is sustainability, increased production,
and environmental considerations through:
- IoT and Automation
- Information Science
- Biotechnology
- Production and Process Engineering
- Genetic Improvements
Importance of Aquaculture
- Health Benefits
- Improves the Sustainability of the Sea
- Conservation of Biodiversity
- Increased Efficiency, More Resources for Less Effort
- Reduced Environmental Disturbance
Economic Importance of Aquaculture
- Alternative Food Source
- Alternative Fuel Source
- Creates New Job
- Reduce Seafood Trade Deficit
Environmental Importance of Aquaculture
- Creates a Barrier Against Pollution With Mollusk and Seaweed
- Reduces Fishing Pressure on Wild Stock
- Low Environmental Impact
- Water Usage
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (2021), global production from
aquaculture has increased steadily over the past 30 years, from around ____ to the current
close to ____ of total fisheries.
10%, 50%
