00-80T-122 Flashcards
What is the name of the pub?
Aircraft Operating Procedures for Air-Capable Ship NATOPS Manual
Levels of Ship Operations
Level I - IMC Day/Night
Level II - VMC Day/Night
Level III - VMC Day Only
Classes of Facilities
Class 1 - Landing area w/ support (services and mx) for A/C certified
Class 2 - Landing area w/ service facilities for A/C certified
Class 2A - Landing area w/ limited services for A/C certified
Class 3 - Landing area for A/C certified
Class 4 - VERTREP/hover area (minimum 5 feet) for A/C certified
Class 5 - VERTREP/hover area (minimum 15 feet) for A/C certified
Class 6 - HIFR facility capable of delivering a minimum of 50 gallons per minute, at 20 psi, to 40’ above water
Class 6R - HIFR facility capable of delivering 25-49 gallons per minute, at 20 psi, to 40’ above water
TACAN Requirement
For aircraft equipped with a TACAN, ship’s TACAN shall be operable for all shipboard launches and recoveries in IMC.
HRS Requirement
Without a visible horizon, a Horizontal Reference Set shall be utilized for single-spot ship ops.
A visible horizon may be obtained through the use of NVDs.
Permissible Lighting Degradations - Unaided (Legacy)
Night unaided VMC operations may be conducted in the event of a failure of not more than one of the lighting subsystems provided:
- A visible horizon exists and is discernible by the HAC in the shipboard landing/takeoff environment.
- The ship’s CO and Det OIC (HAC for non-embarked ops) concur that the failed system is not critical to the scheduled missions
Permissible Lighting Degradations - Aided (Legacy)
Aided ops may be conducted in the event of a failure of more than one of the systems provided:
- A visible horizon exists and is discernible through NVDs by the HAC in the shipboard landing/takeoff environment.
- The ship’s CO and Det OIC (HAC for non-embarked ops) concur the failed systems are not critical to the scheduled mission.
- The following lighting subsystems shall be operable:
Overhead/Forward Structure Floodlights
Deck Surface/Hangar Wash Floodlights
Associated lighting control panels
Permissible Lighting Degradations - Aided (AFDL)
Aided ops may be conducted in the event of a failure or more than one subsystem provided:
- A visible horizon exists and is discernible through NVDs by the HAC in the shipboard landing/takeoff environment.
- Ships CO and Det OIC (HAC for non-embarked ops) concur that system is not critical to the scheduled mission.
- Following subsystems remain operational:
H-60 Forward Limit Lines illuminated by pencil line lights, or deck surface flood lights in both visible and IR.
Hangar Face illuminated by pencil line lights or hangar face flood lights.
Associated lighting control panels.
What does AFDL stand for?
Advanced Flight Deck Lighting
Next generation of lights installed on DDG 1000 at first and moving out to the rest of the fleet.
Utilizes visible and IR spectrum lighting. Failure to ensure both are illuminated may result in unrecognized drift and/or disorientation.
SGSI/ASGSI
Stabilized Glide Slope Indicator/Advanced SGSI
Pilots fly the amber-red interface for a 3 degree glide slope. Visual acquisition range is approximately 3 miles at night.
30 degree total azimuth and 10 degree glide slope (4.5 green,1 amber, 4.5 red) for ASGSI
40 degree total azimuth and 9 degree glide slope ( 1.5 green, 1 amber, 6.5 red) for SGSI.
Homing Beacon System
Provides the helicopter a visual guide for homing when within the visible horizon.
Horizon Reference Set
Electromechanically stabilized landing aid to provide a visual cue of the true horizon.
10 foot gyro-stabilized bar.
Warning: System fail warning light is non-NVD friendly which is not dimmable and may cause significant NVD degradation.
FDSSS
Flight Deck Status and Signaling System
Enables the HCO/LSO to request and receive launch and recovery authorization from bridge.
Four Basic Categories of VLA Lighting
- VERTREP lighting
- Landing-configured lighting
- Light Airborne Multipurpose System lighting (LAMPS)
- Accessory visual aids
NVD Compliant
Components that are NVD compatible, NVD friendly, and non-compatible systems which are dimmed, baffled, or hidden from LOS.
NVD Compatible
Lighting systems which are only required for unaided operators, and have no adverse effect on aided operators (system is invisible to NVD users).
NVD Friendly
Lighting systems which are required to be seen by both the aided and unaided operators. Spectral energy emitted in a controlled fashion to ensure critical visual cues are not washed out.
NVD Covert
Only required to be seen by the aided operator and can’t be detected by the unaided observer.
Freshwater Washdown Requirements
Aircraft Unsheltered: 500 gallons daily
Aircraft Sheltered: 100 gallons daily
When can pilots reduce wind limits required?
Nonstandard ship configuration that affects clearances, ship motion, or turbulence.
Unusual factors that affect crew proficiency (fatigue, training, etc.).
Use of common launch and recovery envelope if the aircraft has experienced a failure.
ISATT
Initial Ship Aviation Team Training
Must be completed before accepting operational tasking or integrating training with other units.
When shall flight deck personnel wear float coats?
All personnel on the flight deck shall wear an approved floatation device at all time between the hours of sunset and sunrise.
On DDG 51 class, personnel on the flight deck shall wear float coat when flight deck nets are in the lowered position.
Squatting on DDG-51 Class Ships
Lowers the freeboard by as much as 6 inches per knot over 15 knots.
Wave Hazard Yellow and Red Regions
Yellow regions indicate a hazard of 2 feet of water over the flight deck which may damage aircraft or wash personnel overboard. Requires ship’s CO approval based on urgency of operations to operate in yellow region.
Red region indicates rotors submerged and a significant risk of sea water impacting the engaged H-60 rotor. Operations within the red region is prohibited with aircraft/personnel on the flight deck.
Wave Hazard Plot Blue and Black Crosshatched Regions
Black: Indicates ship roll of 8 degrees or more.
Blue: Indicates ship pitch of 2 degrees or more.
Hovering Rotorcraft
Hovering rotorcraft should be considered as ships not under command. Ships shall not pass within 500 yards of a hovering rotorcraft.
What do you need to raise or lower aircraft onto jacks or operate the hangar bay overhead crane?
Amber deck until aircraft is secure on jacks with proper tiedowns.
What is the hazard of DDG 79 class ships transiting above 25 knots?
The ship’s wake extends above the flight deck level. Aft extended lineup lights may be obscured.
Integrity Watch
A watch established whenever aircraft are embarked, either underway or in port whenever the ship is not at flight quarters or general quarters, to ensure complete aircraft security.
Sonic Boom Concussion
High performance aircraft shall not be cleared for supersonic low altitude passes alongside or over ships with embarked helicopters.
RADHAZ Distances for SPY
SPY-1 - 520 feet
SPG-62 - 1950 feet
SPY-3 - 520 feet
SPY-6 - 1150 feet
Definition of Air Capable Ship
All ships other than CVN or LHA/LHD from which aircraft can takeoff, be recovered, or routinely receive and transfer logistic support.
Definition of Shipboard Takeoff Environment
That phase of departure from an air capable ship, nominally from flight deck takeoff to a pre-briefed level off altitude, of at least 150’ AGL, during which the aircrew transitions from a visual reference scan to an instrument reference scan. (Once a positive rate of climb is attained and obstruction clearance is assured)
Definition of Shipboard Landing Environment
That phase of the approach, nominally from the MAP to flight deck landing during which the aircrew transitions from an instrument reference scan to a visual reference scan.
Four Categories of A/C Emergencies
- Those cases that cause an aircraft to ditch/crash.
- Those that require an immediate landing.
- Those that require a precautionary shipboard landing.
- Those that occur on the flight deck.
Ship Response to EP (ARTPASNBRO)
Aircraft position - plot
Radar contact - maintain
Turn towards A/C last known position and make best speed.
Provide A/C with vectors.
Air distress frequencies - monitor
Summon Pilot to CIC/Bridge
Notify senior det pilot
Brief and station additional lookouts
Request assistance from accompanying units.
Obtain amplifying information as to type of emergency and pilot’s intentions.
Night VERTREP
Ships certified Level I/II may do it.
One or more of the following conditions is met:
A natural horizon is present
The drop/pickup zone of the ship to be worked is clearly visible from the cockpit when over the drop/pickup zone of the transferring/receiving ship.
What is the warning about CG 47 class ships number 3 SSTG?
It is aft of the flight deck and emits a large volume of hot exhaust that will degrade aircraft performance.
Pilot shall be informed if this generator is operating.
Shipboard Radius of Action per 122
Radius of action shall not exceeds 45% of max range. Radius of action may be reduced at night under EMCON or IMC. Fuel cells can be used to extend range and endurance.
App. J: the max theoretical radius of action is approximately 120 nm because of the max data link range at altitude limit of 13,000’ DA or 10,000’ MSL without supplemental oxygen.
Definition of Amber Deck
Flight deck status light indicating that the helicopters rotors are between the stopped and full rotational speed during rotor engagement or disengagement. Also used when the aircraft is not chocked and chained to the deck. Course or speed changes shall not be made by the ship in this condition.
Definition of Green Deck
Flight deck status light indicating that flight deck, shipboard, environmental, and aircraft conditions are within prescribed limits to safely launch and/or recover aircraft from the flight deck, or to conduct VERTREP or HIFR operations. Course or speed changes shall not be made by the ship in this condition.
Definition of Red Deck
Flight deck status light indicating that conditions on the flight deck are not favorable for aircraft operations that would occur during amber or green deck. The ship is free to safely maneuver as required.
Definition of Clear Deck Recovery
Conventional landing on a RAST-equipped ship that does not use the haul down cable or the RSD.
Definition of Free Deck Recovery
Recovery to a RAST equipped ship using the RSD without the use of the haul down cable.
Control Area
A circular airspace around an air capable ship with a radius of 25 nm that extends upward from the surface to unlimited altitude.
Control Zone
A circular airspace with a radius of 5 nm around the ship that extends upward from the surface to and including 2500 feet unless otherwise specified for special operations, and which is under the cognizance of the air officer during VMC.
When shall you wear a float coat?
All hours between sunset and sunrise on air capable ships. On DDG 51 class ships, all personnel on the flight deck shall wear a float coat anytime the nets are lowered.
Warning about dumping trash
The dumping of trash shall be secured before any flight operations. If dumping of trash occurs between flight quarters, a subsequent FOD walk down shall be conducted.
What is the ship’s max rudder with aircraft/personnel on the flight deck?
Shall not exceed 15 degrees and shall not exceed Maneuvering Speed Limit
What are the two mandatory signals?
Wave off and Hold
What do you need for hot refueling or changing of pilots?
Shall have chocks and chains.
At a minimum, what do you need for passenger loading?
Should be chocked.
Caution about DDG-79 class ships moving over 25 knots?
Ship’s wake extends above the flight deck and may obscure aft lineup lights.
Caution about DDG-79 class ships launching/recovering aircraft with tail winds?
Downwash from rotors may result in undesired lifting of the safety nets during final.
What does a flight deck party consist of?
Two AFFF hose teams and a backup.
What do you need for night fast roping?
A visible horizon shall be present.
Alert 5
Aircraft: Spotted for immediate takeoff, spread, stores loaded, external power applied, mission equipment warm.
Aircrew: Strapped in, preflight checklist complete up to starting engines.
Ship: At flight quarters, fire party on station.
Max time: 4 hours
Alert 15
Aircraft: Spotted for takeoff, spread, required stores loaded.
Aircrew: Briefed, preflight complete, standing by.
Ship: At flight quarters, fire party in immediate vicinity.
Max time: 8 hours
Alert 30
Aircraft: Rotors may be folded, aircraft on deck or in hangar, stores loaded.
Aircrew: Briefed.
Ship: Not at flight quarters.
Max time: 18/48
Alert 60
Aircraft: Hangared, secured for heavy weather, minor maintenance may be performed.
Aircrew: Designated and available.
Ship: Not at flight quarters.
Post Deployment Fly Off Policy
Should not be conducted at night or under IMC. Distances shall not exceed 75 percent of max range for that particular aircraft.
Required Equipment to be SAR capable per 122
Operable rescue hoist with rescue device
Operable searchlight for night SAR
Sufficient lift rafts to support passenger rescue requirements
Horizon Reference Unit
Unit in front of the carrier to provide aircraft a reference to the horizon. This places maneuvering restrictions on the ship and may prevent acceptable launch/recovery envelopes. Helicopter launches/recoveries should be avoided.
HIFR Wind and Speed Envelopes
300-360 relative
10-30 knots
Initial Tiedowns
2 chains on each main mount (4 total)
Required prior to launch, upon recovery, and immediately after an aircraft is respotted or moved.
Permanent Tiedowns
2 chains on each main, high point, tail point (12 total)
Required when not at flight quarters or when aircraft is not expected to be launched or respotted.
Heavy Weather Tiedowns
3 chains on each main mount, high point, tail point (18 total)
Required when an increase in aircraft security is required during high winds, heavy seas, or prolonged periods of heavy maintenance.
Avionics Operations within the Hangar
May be continuously run in hangar temperatures below 41 degrees C but nose, cockpit, and cabin doors should be open, and hearing protection is required.
Night HIFR Requirements
Operational Necessity
Visible horizon as viewed by the pilot.
Max 5 degree pitch, 10 degree roll.
HIFR lights, LSE at helo control point
Radio contact with helo
JP-5 Fuel Quality Requirement
Shall not be refueled if fuel is not:
Clean and Bright
Contains more than 2 mg/L of particulate matter
Contains more than 5 ppm of free water
Why are winds abaft the beam bad for night/IMC recoveries and launches?
High nose attitude required to control closure, coupled with reduced visuals increase the possibility of vertigo.
Shall only be conducted with PIC concurrence.
Lost Comm - I require immediate landing
Fly close aboard starboard quarter, floodlight/landing light on.
Lost Comm - I desire to land but can wait for the next recovery or scheduled land time.
Fly by or hover starboard side, navigation lights BRIGHT/FLASHING and anti-collision lights ON.
Lost Comm - I desire immediate HIFR
Fly by and return to hover on port beam, hand signal for desire HIFR.
Lost Comm - I desire to establish radio comms with you on helo control or Fleet Common 277.8
Fly by slowly on port side in low altitude, left hand pattern.
MAD
Military Air Distress Frequency - 243.0 MHz
IAD
International Air Distress Frequency - 121.5 MHz
Warning about fueling and arming?
Aircraft should not be fueled and armed simultaneously. Arming should be accomplished after fueling operations have been completed.
Can aircraft be hangared with ALE-47 loaded?
No
VMC minimums on Air Capable Ships
500-1
Lateral Separation Rule
< 50 miles = 3 miles separation
> 50 miles = 5 miles separation
Vertical Separation Rule
Helicopters - 500 feet
Fixed-wing - 1000 feet
Helicopters from fixed-wing - 1000 feet
Advisory Control
Tactical control of an aircraft in which the aircraft receives directions and recommendations, but the aircraft commander is not relieved of the responsibility for safety and navigation.
Close Control
Tactical control where the aircraft receives orders affecting its movements. Pilot will not deviate unless circumstances require. Controller is responsible for safety, and must inform when aircraft is not held on radar in excess of 1 minute or five sweeps. Ultimate safety of aircraft is pilot’s responsibility.
Positive Control
Tactical control where aircraft receives orders affecting its movements which immediately transfer responsibility of safe navigation to the control unit.
MAP for Air Capable Ships
0.5 miles, 200’
Missed Approach Instructions
Straight in - 30 degree heading change, climb to 400’
Port/Starboard Approach - maintain 30 degree offset, climb to 400’
Weather Minimums for TACAN
200-1/2
Transfer of Passengers by Hoist at Night
Prohibited except in emergency situations.
Note about transferring patients to and from T-AH 19 USNS Mercy?
Should launch and recover Spot 2 to afford sufficient deck edge clearance.
Preferred Device for Hoisting Passengers
Rescue Strop
What is the rule about transferring of materials weighing less than 30 lbs?
Shall be transferred in a weighted bag.
Transfer to an SSBN
Center of main deck
Relative winds 320-350, 15-20 knots
Transfers to SSN
Port sail plane
Seawolf, Virginia, improved LA class don’t have sail planes so it must be done to top of sail.
Relative winds 010-040, 15-20 knots
Transfer to Starboard Sail Plane
Relative winds 160-200, 15-20 knots, minimum 10 knots
What do you need for submarine transfers at night?
Operational necessity
HRST
Helicopters rope suspension training
Categories I, II, III
Ideal Winds for VERTREP
15-30 knot headwind
What do you need to conduct night VERTREP to Submarines?
Operational necessity
Natural horizon
Drop/pickup zone of the ship to be worked clearly visible from the aircraft’s cockpit when over the drop/pickup zone of the transferring/receiving ship.
Optimal Winds for VERTREP to SSBN/SSGN?
320-350 relative, 10-20 knots
LOX Carts
Liquid oxygen carts. Extremely dangerous to carry in helicopters, they will not be carried unless directed by TYCOM or higher in cases of operational necessity.
Hung Forward Firing Ordnance
Enter the Alpha pattern. Clockwise pattern flown around the ship at 300 feet AGL, 80 KIAS.
Fly offset approach from the opposite seat from the hung ordnance.
Should not be performed during night IMC (jettison ordnance).
Offset Approach Numbers
Heading 5 degrees left of BRC at 1/4 mile
Gradually increase yaw until aircraft heading is 25-40 degrees off BRC over the flight deck.
Min over deck : 18 degrees
Two Ways to Show you are Lost Comm
Squawk 7600
Make 120 degree turns every two minutes
ELVA
Emergency Low Visibility Approach
Radar vectors to offset final, gate at 4 miles, 400 feet AGL, 70 knots.
Descend 50 feet every half mile. At 1 mile, be at 100 feet, 40 knots.
Descend to 50 feet by 1/2 mile. Drive in at 50 feet, 40 knots until MAP.
MAP: 100 yards, 50 feet.
Rule about attempting a real ELVA
An ELVA to an air capable ship that is below minimums (200-1/2) is an emergency procedure and shall not be attempted unless an aircraft does not have fuel to divert to a GCA airfield or CCA equipped ship.
HEFOE Codes
Mode I code that explains emergencies for aircraft with radio difficulties.
First Code:
0 - ok
1 - Hydraulic
2 - Electrical
3 - Fuel
4 - Oxygen
5 - Engine
Second Code:
1 - No Rec. TACAN ok
2 - No Rec. ADF ok
3 - Rec. ok no NAVAIDs
What do you need to attempt a smoke light approach?
CO and Det OIC/PIC must agree to attempt the procedure.
What four things should be attempted before a smoke light?
- Return to ship early.
- Maneuver the ship to an area of better visibility.
- Vector aircraft to another ship where visibility is better.
- Vector the aircraft to a suitable alternate airfield.
How do you conduct a smoke light approach?
Aircraft 2 miles astern. Descend at pilots discretion to 40 feet, 40 knots. Ship personnel drop smoke/matrix lights every 15 seconds as pilot is kept informed of the interval and number of smoke lights in the water.
Manual Movements of Helicopter
It is not routine. Manual movement is authorized in cases of emergency or operational necessity.
What is the slope of the flight deck of DDG 79 class ships?
3 degree forward slope
What should you do in regards to wind limits if gust spread is 10 knots or more?
Reduce the max wind velocity allowed for rotor engagement/disengagement by 10 knots in all quadrants.
Optimum Wind for Normal Operations
Winds down the lineup line at approximately half the maximum speed allowed by the applicable wind envelope.
Optimum Wind for a Single Engine Landing
Relative wind as close as possible to being down the lineup line at the maximum wind speed allowed by the appropriate wind envelope.
Optimum Wind for Up the Stern Approach
Winds 10-20 degrees off the port bow at one half the maximum speed allowed.
Pigeons
Vectors provided by ships aircraft controllers or ASTACs to a specified destination.
Significant Wave Height
Average height (trough to crest) of the one-third highest waves valid for the indicated period.
Landing Lineup Line and Circle
Obstruction clearance is ensured when the aircraft lands with the main mounts, nose wheel, or forward skid cross tube within the landing circle and the fuselage centerline aligned with the lineup line.
Vertical Replenishment Dash Line
Obstacle clearance is ensured only when the aircraft hovers with the centerline of the aircraft directly over the line. An obstacle free approach is ensured only when the approach is made along the dashed line.
During flight operations, only those personnel whose ________ ____ ________ shall be allowed in the flight operations area.
All other personnel shall remain ______ or _______ ______.
Presence is required.
Clear or below decks.
Three Warnings with Yellow and Red Regions
Yellow regions indicate a hazard of 2 feet of water over the flight deck which may damage aircraft or wash personnel overboard or into the aircraft fuselage.
Ship operation in the Red and Yellow regions of the Wave Hazard Plots with aircraft and/or personnel on the deck may cause injury or death.
Ship operation in the Red regions presents a significant risk of sea water impacting the engaged H-60 rotor system. Contact between an engaged rotor system and the sea can result in catastrophic rotor damage and the loss of aircrew and flight deck personnel.
When do the red and yellow regions of wave hazard plots apply?
With aircraft and/or personnel on the flight deck.
Note about Operations in the White Region
Operating in the White regions or in seas below 8 feet does not eliminate the risk of water impacting the rotor system or washing over the flight deck.
Note about Turning Prior to Slowing
Attempting to turn prior to slowing may place the aircrew and flight deck personnel in even more hazardous conditions. Comply with Maneuvering Speed Limit restrictions while turning with personnel and/or an aviation asset on the flight deck.
Can rocket launcher be loaded in the hangar?
No
Can the M240 and GAU-21 be loaded in the hangar?
Yes
Can Hellfire be loaded in the hangar?
No
Can torpedo be loaded in the hangar?
Yes
Can chaff dispenser be loaded in the hangar?
Dispenser can but chaff and flare can not.
Helicopter transfers shall not be conducted from surface ships that are not certified or waivered except in extreme situations such as _______ ________.
Emergency MEDEVAC
What are the two things you can do in emergency situations?
MEDEVAC from an uncertified ship
Transfer of passengers by hoist at night
Upon completion of HOSTAC cross deck operations, all units shall submit a _______ as per MPP-02 Volume I.
XDECK report
Ten Operational Necessity in 122
Uncertified ship
Night HIFR
Loading in Hangar
Close proximity unscheduled launches or recoveries
Night Passengers
Night sub transfers
Overflight of ships with external load
Liquid oxygen
Cold weather pax transfer
Manual deck handling
Green deck
Indicating flight deck, shipboard, environmental, and aircraft conditions are in prescribed limits to safely launch and/or recover aircraft from flight deck, or to conduct VERTREP or HIFR operations. Course or speed changes SHALL not be made by the ship in this condition.
Amber Deck
Indicating a helicopters rotors are between the stopped and full rotational speed positions during rotor engagement or disengagement. Also used when the aircraft is not chocked and chained to the deck, I.e. straightening/traversing/towing/maintenance evolutions.
Red deck
Indicating that conditions on the flight deck are not favorable for aircraft operations that would occur during amber or green deck. The ship is free to safely maneuver as required.
Hung droop in 122
LSE shall clear the deck and all personnel, ship shall get minimum winds and turbulence conditions.
What are the wave hazard plot charted wave heights?
Up to 8ft
8 to 10ft
10 to 12ft
Lost Comm- I am proceeding to the divert
Fly up the starboard side of the ship, rocking wings with navigation lights Bright and Steady and anti collision lights On. Upon reaching divert fuel state proceed alone, setting IFF to emergency when departing.
What is the warning about deviating from prescribed initial tie down configuration?
Deviation from the prescribed initial tie down configuration is not authorized prior to launch, as deviations may lead to an oversight of tiedown removal, which may result in an attempt to launch with tiedowns attached.
This condition may result in uncontrolled flight, dynamic rollover, or loss of aircraft and crew.
Deck height of DDG FLT II
14ft 10in
Deck height of CG
33ft
