0-1 chapter 18 - blood Flashcards
circulatory system
consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood
cardiovascular system
refers only to the heart and blood vessels
hematology
the study of blood
functions of circulatory system
transport
protection
Regulation
transport
O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and stem cells
protection
•inflammation, limit spread of infection, destroy microorganisms and cancer cells, neutralize toxins, and initiates clotting
regulation
•fluid balance, stabilizes pH of ECF, and temperature control
Properties of Blood
- adults have 4-6 L of blood
* a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells and extracellular matrix
plasma
matrix of blood
•a clear, light yellow fluid
formed elements
blood cells and cell fragments
•red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
seven kinds of formed elements
erythrocytes
platelets
leukocytes
erythrocytes
red blood cells (RBCs)
platelets
cell fragments from special cell in bone marrow
leukocytes-white blood cells (WBCs)
•five leukocyte types divided into two categories:
white blood cells (WBCs)
•five leukocyte types divided into two categories
-granulocytes (with granules)
-agranulocytes (without granules)
granulocytes
–neutrophils
–eosinophils
–basophils
agranulocytes
–lymphocytes
–monocytes
hematocrit
centrifuge blood to separate components
erythrocytes
are heaviest and settle first
•37% to 52% total volume
white blood cells and platelets
- 1% total volume
* buffy coat
plasma
- the remainder of volume
- 47% -63%
- complex mixture of water, proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, nitrogenous wastes, hormones, and gases
plasma
liquid portion of blood
serum
remaining fluid when blood clots and the solids are removed
•identical to plasma except for the absence of fibrinogen
3 major categories of plasma proteins
albumins
globulins
fibrinogen
albumins
smallest and most abundant
•contributes to viscosity and osmolarity, influences blood pressure, flow and fluid balance