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Geography West > . > Flashcards

. Flashcards

1
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Water being heated and turned into vapour

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2
Q

What is the cryosphere

A

Where ice is stored in sheets, ice caps, permafrost and ice caps

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3
Q

What is a closed system?

A

There are no inputs or outputs apart from energy

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4
Q

What is the lower part of the atmosphere called?

A

Troposphere

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5
Q

What is the ITCZ?

A

When warm air from the tropics meets the equator creating an area of low pressure

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6
Q

What is orographic?

A

The movement of vapour over a mountain

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7
Q

What is an ice cap?

A

Thick layers of ice on the land smaller than 50,000m2

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8
Q

What is accumulation?

A

When liquid water freezes into ice

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9
Q

\what is latent heat?

A

The amount of heat that is given out or taken in by the surroundings

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10
Q

What is the word used to describe when ice melts into water?

A

Ablation

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11
Q

What is water stress?

A

When the annual supply of water per person is less than 1,700m3

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12
Q

What is the term used to describe the side of the mountain that is dry?

A

Rain shadow

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13
Q

What is high pressure?

A

When the air is descending and warming therefore no condensation

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14
Q

What is dew point?

A

The temperature at which water vapour turns into a liquid creating a cloud

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15
Q

What does prevailing wind mean?

A

The most common wind

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16
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

When the effects of an action are amplified by the knock-on effect

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17
Q

What is a system where the output from one system forms the inputs for another system?

A

Cascading system

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18
Q

What is a system?

A

A model which helps to explain relationships within a unit

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19
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium?

A

There is a balance between inputs and outputs

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20
Q

What is the term to describe the parts of substances that make up a system?

A

Elements

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21
Q

What of the following are processes?

  • Infiltration
  • Percolation
  • Groundwater
  • Throughflow
A
  • Infiltration
  • Percolation
  • Throughflow
22
Q

What is the term used to describe when vegetation stops the precipitation from reaching the ground?

A

Interception

23
Q

What is the term used to explain water flowing down the branches and trunks of a tree?

A

Stem flow

24
Q

When the top of the ground flow known as?

A

Water table

25
Q

What is the term used to describe water soaking the inot the underlying rock?

A

Percolation

26
Q

What is the term used to describe the amount of water flowing in a river?

A

Discharge

27
Q

What is a term used to describe a river which reacts very quickly to a storm?

A

Flashy

28
Q

What is the term used to describe when warm and cold air meet?

A

Front

29
Q

What is the name of the cell closest to the equator?

A

Hadley Cell

30
Q

Which of these will shorten lag time?

  • Impermeable soil
  • Urban areas
  • Forest
  • Deforestation
  • Deep soils
  • Low antecedent moisture conditions
A

Impermeable soil
Urban areas
Deforestation

31
Q

What is a drainage basin?

A

An area drained by its rivers and tributaries

32
Q

What are the 5 features of a drainage basin?

A 
Source
Mouth
Tributaries
Confluence 
Watershed
33
Q

Spearman’s rank is used to work out what?

A

Whether there is a correlation

34
Q

How do you know if the answer is correct in Spearman’s rank?

A

It needs to be between -1 - 0

35
Q

What does the n show in Spearman’s rank?

A

Numbers of sets of data

36
Q

What kind of pressure of found around the Equator?

A

Low pressure

37
Q

What is the difference between evaporation and condensation?

A

Evaporation is water turning into vapour due to heat.

Condensation is vapour turning into water due to cold temperatures.

38
Q

What is the point where water vapour turns into water?

A

Dew point

39
Q

Why does it rain over the Equator?

A

The sun is directly overhead so it is the hottest part of the Earth causing the evaporation.

40
Q

Why is it dry over the tropics?

A

Air is sinking and warming up therefore condensation cannot take place

41
Q

What is the cell closest to the Equator?

A

Hadley cell

42
Q

Where does the air sink and why?

A

Over the tropics because it becomes colder and heavier.

43
Q

What is the name of the area where the warm water air from the tropics meet at the Equator?

A

ITCZ

44
Q

Why does the amount of rain vary over the Equator?

A

Because of the overhead position of the sun

45
Q

When does the Equator receive the most amount of rainfall?

A

21st March to 21st September

46
Q

Which of the following output water into the atmosphere and which input water into the earth?

  • Evaporation
  • Precipitation
  • Transpiration
A 
Outputs = Evaporation and Transpiration
Inputs = Precipitation
47
Q

What is Evapotranspiration?

A

The total output of water from drainage basin directly back into the atmosphere

48
Q

What is groundwater flow?

A

The slow movement of water through underlying rock

49
Q

What is infiltration?

A

The downward movement of water from the surface to the soil

50
Q

What is the definition of cryospheric processes?

A

Those processes that affect the total mass of ice at any scale from local patches of frozen ground to global ice amounts. They include accumulation (buildup of ice mass) and ablation (the loss of ice mass)

Geography West (5 decks)

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