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Geology Time > ? > Flashcards

? Flashcards

1
Q

What does mafic stand for

A

Ma (magnesium) + fe (iron)

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2
Q

What does felsic stand for

A

Fe (iron)+ si (silica)

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3
Q

What is the temperature for mafic rocks

A

> 1000 C

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4
Q

What is the temperature for felsic rocks

A

<800 C

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5
Q

What viscosity do mafic rocks have

A

Low viscosity

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6
Q

What viscosity do felsic rocks have

A

High viscosity

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7
Q

What are mafic minerals rich in

A

Fe & Mg

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8
Q

What are felsic minerals rich in

A

Na, K & Al

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9
Q

What are mafic minerals poor in

A

Na, K & Al

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10
Q

What are felsic minerals poor in

A

Fe & Mg

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11
Q

Mafic minerals are what in silica

A

low, <50%

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12
Q

Felsic minerals are what in silica

A

High >65%

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13
Q

What is decompression melting

A

When stuff melts because of less pressure

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14
Q

What is flex melting

A

When adding water lowers the melting point of the mantle rock

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15
Q

What is heat transfer

A

Adding heat until the melting point is reached

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16
Q

What is partial melting

A

The transformation of a solid into a liquid via melting process

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17
Q

What is fractional crystallization

A

Some of the magma freezes, eliminating some minerals and leaving others

18
Q

What is assimilation

A

When magma melts surrounding rocks which contaminates the magma with new minerals

19
Q

How are igneous rocks classified

A

According to mineral composition and grain size

19
Q

How are igneous rocks classified

A

According to mineral composition and grain size

20
Q

What does phaneritic mean

A

Grains are visible

21
Q

What is aphanitic

A

The grains aren’t visible

22
Q

What is porphyritic

A

A mix of visible and microscopic

23
Q

What is groundmass

A

Crystals too small to see

24
Q

What is phenocryst

A

Isolated large crystals

25
Q

What do granite and rhyolite have

A

A relatively high ratio of potassium feldspar to plagioclase feldspar; the most felsic type of igneourock

26
Q

What do grandiorite and dacite have

A

Still felsic, but has more plagioclase compared to potassium feldspar

27
Q

What do diorite and andesite have

A

Intermediate composition; Quartz but no potassium feldspar

28
Q

What do gabbro and basalt have

A

Mafic composition; No quartz, contains pyroxene; Plagioclase feldspar is darker, calcium-rich variety

29
Q

What does peridotite

A

Ultramafic; Mostly pyroxene and olivine, very little plagioclase feldspar

30
Q

What comes from the melting of mantle with some fractional crystallization (OCEAN-OCEAN SUBDUCTION ZONES)

A

Gabbro/basalt and minor diorite/andesite

31
Q

What comes from direct melting and eruption from the mantle (RIFTS AND PLUMES/HOT SPOTS)

A

Gabbro/basalt

32
Q

What comes from the melting of the mantle with extensive crustal assimilation and fractional crystallization (OCEAN-CONTINENT)

A

Diorite/andesite and granodiorite/dacite

33
Q

What comes from the direct melting of mantle with crustal assimilation (CONTINENTAL RIFTS AND HOT SPOTS)

A

Gabbro/basalt and granite/rhyolite (no intermediates)

34
Q

What is pyroclastic

A

Mostly groundmass with large clasts (fragments) of minerals and rocks-formed from explosive volcanic eruptions

35
Q

How does glassy form

A

When magma cools too quickly

36
Q

What is from the melting of mantle with some fractional crystallization

A

Ocean-Ocean

37
Q

What comes from direct melting and eruption from the mantle

A

Rifts and Plumes/Hot spot

38
Q

What comes from the melting of the mantle with extensive crustal assimilation and fractional crystallization

A

Ocean-Continent

39
Q

What comes from the direct melting of mantle with crustal assimilation

A

Continental Rifts and hot spots

Geology Time (3 decks)

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