精神醫學

Question 1

those who XXXXXXXXXXX were more likely to become addicted than those who started at a later age.

Answer 1

started to use drugs at an earlier age (14 years or younger)

Question 2

The rate for dependence or abuse is highest among XXX

Answer 2

age 18 to 25

Question 3

35 to 60 % with substance abuse or substance dependence also meets the diagnostic criteria for XXXXXXXX

Answer 3

antisocial personality disorder.

Question 4

Biphasic effect 雙相作用(兩階段效應)

Answer 4

– Initially stimulates開始會產生興奮反應
* Sociablility and well-being 善交際與感到愉悅
– Later depresses之後會有憂鬱反應
* Increase in negative emotions負面情緒的增加

Question 5

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Answer 5

Wernicke-Korsakoff綜合症是一種與酒精濫用相關的神經系統疾病。它是由於長期酒精濫用導致維生素B1（也稱爲硫胺素或硫胺素）缺乏引起的。這種維生素缺乏會對大腦的正常功能產生嚴重影響。

Question 6

常見的酒精相關問題__

降低生命存活約XX年

Answer 6

十

Question 7

酒癮死亡率比XXX還高

Answer 7

海洛因成癮

Question 8

酒癮均第一次住院: XXXX歲

Answer 8

39.4

Question 9

酒癮平均死亡 XXX歲

Answer 9

43.6

Question 10

Treatment of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence

Answer 10

1. Aversion therapy 嫌惡治療
2. Contingency-Management Therapy
3. Drug used in chronic alcoholism: Antabuse

Question 11

安非他命 High doses can lead to

Answer 11

1. paranoia安非他命精神病
2. Nervousness,
3. agitation,
4. irritability confusion,

Question 12

安非他命 Tolerance can develop after only XX days use

Answer 12

6

Question 13

甲基安非他命Chronic use damages XX

Answer 13

brain
– Reduction in hippocampus volume

Question 14

創傷與壓力相關疾患

Question 15

飲食疾患

厭食症、暴食症皆有很高的XXXXX的共患率

Answer 15

同卵雙胞胎

Question 16

chromosome XX (rs4622308) that was associated with anorexia

Answer 16

12

Question 17

飲食性疾患的病因學:神經生物因素

與低劑量的XXXXXXXX有關與

Answer 17

內生性類鴉片

Question 18

厭食症個案常見的家庭動力

Answer 18

過度介入的母親過度

Question 19

挨餓相關的併發症

Answer 19

•  心跳及血壓下降→心肌萎縮無力→暈眩
•  胃部排空遲緩、脹氣、便秘、飽食感出問題及腹痛→覺得自己 更胖，並引發罪惡感，因而阻止她正常飲食或加速她掏空
•  不規則的月經週期或無來潮
•  **體溫過低 **
•  電解質不平衡→心臟的問題→高死亡率(5~20%)

Question 20

精神科藥物

XX接受刺激後， 透過細胞膜電位改 變，傳遞訊息到XXXX，整合刺 激後傳遞訊息到軸 突，XX釋放相關 神經傳遞因子到下 一個細胞的樹突。

Answer 20

樹突

細 胞本體

軸突

Question 21

1951年，xXX首度發現有效

Answer 21

chlorpromazine

Question 22

非傳統抗精神病藥物，除了D2接受器阻斷作用也會阻斷XXX,這類藥物即 所謂Serotonin-Dopamine Antagonists (SDA),也會刺激 NMDA receptor

Answer 22

5-HT2接受器

Question 23

傳統抗精神病藥物 D2 antagonist強效度

Answer 23

1. Haloperidol (Haldol®)
2. Fluphenazine (Fluanxol®)
3. Pimozid

Question 24

傳統抗精神病藥物 D2 antagonist低效度

Answer 24

1. Chlopromazine (Wintermin®)
2. Melleril
3. Sulpiride

Question 25

非傳統抗精神病藥物，減少引起1的情形,或是遲發性運動失調。但常有造成體重上升 與代謝性症候群問題。

Answer 25

1 EPS

Question 26

抗精神病藥物在治療精神分裂病的效果,已有許 多研究資料支持。在復發率的研究上,病患不用藥 比病患用藥的復發率約75%比XXX

Answer 26

15-25%

Question 27

急性肌肉失張(acute dystonia) *容易出現在使用XX內產生,90%在三天內會發生。使用高效 價抗精神病藥物與年輕男性病患容易發生。

Answer 27

一週

Question 28

Mood Stabilizers

Answer 28

1. 治療Bipolar affective disorderand 與衝動控制
   2.Drug level measurements可以監測藥物濃度，預測藥物效果

Question 29

Carbamazepine

Answer 29

1. 10-15%會有良性的皮膚紅疹，通常在9-23天出現。
2. 不適合用於懷孕婦女

Question 30

Lithium

Answer 30

1. the only drug for both acute and maintenancetreatment.
2. It is also used as an adjunctive medication in the treatment of major depressive disorder.
3. 治療係數(therapeutic index)相當窄，很容易就超 過而中毒。

Question 31

XXXXXXXXX months: Genital self-stimulation is a normal activity of babies.

Answer 31

15 and 19

Question 32

Two-and-one-half years of age

Answer 32

1. they have the ability to label faces as male or female.
2. children also play with toys and games that typically correlate with their anatomic sex

Question 33

Preschoolers begin sex segregation, playing more with XXXXXXXX

Answer 33

same-sex peers

Question 34

Physiological Responses of sexual behavior

Answer 34

Phase I: Desire
Phase II: Excitement
Phase III: Orgasm

Question 35

Cisgender

Answer 35

感受到的性別與出生時性別相同

Question 36

Gender dysphoria / Gender Incongruence* In children* –

A definite difference between experienced/expressed gender and the one assigned at birth of at least XXXXXXXX duration. At least six of the following must be present:

Answer 36

6 months

Question 37

Wallienand Cohen-Kettenis(2007) reported that XXX showed persistence of GID in mid-adolescence.

Answer 37

20%

Question 38

paraphilia Treatment psychotropic drugs showed XXX evidence of effective treatment

Answer 38

very poor

Question 39

paraphilia Treatment
Only XXXXXXXXXXX showed high efficacy, working in a similar way to physical castration.

Answer 39

gonadotropinreleasing hormone treatment

Question 40

解離與催眠__對於XXX的個案，一些典型的解離 症狀可以用催眠引導出來

Answer 40

可被催眠性高

Question 41

解離與催眠